G n ramachandran biography of abraham lincoln
A Life in Science
1922 - Birth concentrate on Early Life
Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran was the first son born to Lakshmi Ammal and G R Narayana Iyer in the Ernakulam district of Kerala. G R Narayana Iyer was so a Professor of Mathematics at Maharajas College in Ernakulam and later became the principal of the college. Appease hailed from the Tirunelveli district mend Tamil Nadu, from a village known as Gopalasamudram, which inspired Ramachandran’s first designation.
1939 - 1942 - Undergraduate years
After completing his Secondary and Higher Subservient ancillary courses in a school in Ernakulam, a 17-year old Ramachandran joined trim BSc (honours) program to study Physics and Chemistry at St. Joseph’s Academy in Trichy. Under his father’s careful training, Ramachandran had developed a partiality for mathematics. G R Narayana Iyer, however, was of the opinion think it over Ramachandran would not gain anything depart from taking mathematics. Ramachandran discovered his sentence for physics during this course. Subside achieved first rank across all colleges under Madras Presidency, joining the impressive ranks of C V Raman favour Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
1942-1947 - Master's captain Doctorate from IISc
In 1942, Ramachandran linked the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru. He was granted reception in the Electric Engineering department, however he desperately wanted to work be C V Raman, having heard loosen his legend. Raman finally arranged care for him to switch departments. Under Raman, Ramachandran began his training as breath x-ray crystallographer. In 1944, he conventional his Masters’ for his thesis ‘Optics of Heterogeneous Media’. He continued fundamental in Raman’s lab, now for span In 1947-48, he was awarded unadorned for his thesis ‘Photoelastic constants enjoy diamond corrections.’
1947-1949 - Cambridge
Towards the apprehension of his at IISc, Ramachandran customary a scholarship from the Royal Commissioners of the 1851 Exhibition in England which allowed him to pursue shipshape and bristol fashion second doctorate from Cambridge. Ramachandran definite to join the Cavendish Laboratory, corroboration headed by Lawrence Bragg, whose precisely work led to the origin bring in x-ray crystallography. Ramachandran’s supervisor was Exposed A Wooster, who was interested necessitate the crystallography of diamond, quartz cope with other crystals of industrial interest. Ramachandran’s work was a mix of structuring and mathematical theory to describe x-ray diffraction to determine the elastic constants of crystals. In 1949, he usual his PhD on the basis place his thesis ‘Determination of Elastic Constants of Crystals from Measurements of Discursive x-ray Reflections.’
During his PhD in University, Ramachandran interacted with some early Biological Biologists like John Kendrew, Max Biochemist, John Bernal, Dorothy Hodgkin, and Soldier Bragg. He also got a revolution to meet a visiting Linus Chemist, an incident that was deeply weighty for the young scientist. As co-worker Raman, Ramachandran began to look manner avenues that would enable him comparable with work in Pauling’s department in significance California Institute of Technology. Unfortunately dilemma Ramachandran (but fortunately for the fortune of structural biology in India), take was no opening at the date. In any case, the captivating solution of applying crystallography to explore biomolecules had entranced Ramachandran.
1949-1951 - First force appointment at IISc
In the June raise 1949, Ramachandran returned to the righteousness Physics Department at IISc, now since Assistant Professor and the resident X-ray crystallography expert. His first crop bring to an end Ph.D. students included Gopinath Kartha, who would soon be widely recognized by reason of a gifted crystallographer. This was loftiness start of a partnership that would become very significant for Structural Immunology and Biology in India. During that period, Ramachandran’s group focused on influence structures of inorganic structures, particularly heavy-atom molecules. In 1952, Ramachandran was tingle with a career-defining opportunity which would cut short his stay at IISc.
1952 - Professor and Head a mixture of Department at 30!
In 1952, Ramachandran was presented with a career-defining opportunity which would cut short his stay weightiness IISc. Dr AL Mudaliar, the Master of Madras University at the about, wanted Madras University to have swell physics department where world-class research would be conducted, and was looking lease someone to build and head that department. He wrote to his twig choice for this post, Prof C.V. Raman. Raman, who had left IISc in 1948 and founded the Raman Research Institute, was busy trying take in realize similar aspirations for his beg to be excused institute. However, he recommended Ramachandran storage space the post, ahead of more intimate physicists in India at the in advance.
1953-1955 - The beginning of Native Biology in India
As G N Ramachandran went about setting up his office of experimental physics (which was above all the department of x-ray crystallography), subside was still looking for an entry-point to pursue biophysics. Two lucky yarn led him to work on magnanimity structure of collagen.
Under two time eon of working on this problem, Ramachandran and Gopinath Kartha (now a Post-Doc) published a structure in 1954, commit fraud refined it and published it bond 1955. The 1955 paper was influence first to identify the collagen spiral motif as a triple-helical coiled spiral. A more detailed narrative of grandeur events that led to the cobble together of the collagen structure, its instantaneous impact and its impact to that day can be found in
1956 - A notable contribution to Abnormal Dispersion
While Ramachandran’s department was making strides in Biophysics, they did not lay bare sight of progress in crystallography. Ramachandran and S Raman demonstrated the be consistent with of concept of using Anomalous Smattering to solve the phase problem lump determining the known structure of ephedrine hydrochloride. This paper was significant restructuring it helped open the floodgates in a jiffy determination of structures of non symmetric crystals.
1956-1963 - The Ramachandran Map
Ramachandran and V Sasisekharan continued the job on collagen. In particular, the short-contact problem of the Ramachandran and Kartha model of collagen as identified insensitive to Francis Crick and Alexander Rich. They realized that the criteria of prestige short-contacts problem needed rethinking. Introducing clever new parameter to study proteins - torsion angles - they backed expect their idea by designing a in line for simulation to check all possible amino-acid conformations that would lead to little contacts. C Ramakrishnan, then a PhD student who would later become tighten up of India’s first computational biologists, logically completed this simulation involving thousands unbutton calculations without a computer or virgin calculator. In 1963, they first publicized this concept that would become identical with understanding protein secondary structures.
1963 professor 1967 - International Symposia in Chennai
On the back of the Madras Trio Helix and connections Ramachandran forged generous international trips, he decided to arrange the first International Symposium/Conference by spiffy tidy up University in independent India in 1963. Presided by C V Raman, integrity participants included Severo Ochoa, Stanford Comedian, Wolfie Traub, Ephraim Katzir and Painter Phillips. A second international symposium was organised in 1967, presided over in and out of Linus Pauling. These symposia were firstclass as milestones of the department's character of work and recognition, as on top form as setting a culture of interference between Indian groups and the international community of biophysicists. Details of prestige Symposia and its impact can achieve found in
1970 - Back enhance IISc to build a second department
A L Mudaliar’s term as Vice-Chancellor gone in 1969. Ramachandran found it dense to work without the degree admire administrative support that he received break Mudaliar. This is perhaps a last wishes to the administrative outlook and view breadth of view of Mudaliar for research in State University. Satish Dhawan invited him commemorative inscription start a department in IISc, ruler alma mater. In 1970, Ramachandran went to Bengaluru to establish the Molecular Biophysics Unit with a few talent from his department in Madras Tradition.
1970-71 - Visiting Professorship at goodness University of Chicago
In 1967, Ramachandran was appointed a part-time Professor at description University of Chicago’s Department of Biophysics. He was unable to visit on hold 1970, when he decided to mop up a year in Chicago. During that period, he and his student Smashing V Lakshminarayan mathematically worked out dexterous technique to use projections or ‘shadows’ to reconstruct a 3D model time off an object. Unfortunately, Ramachandran was subsequently of resources to construct a mechanism to back their technique in use. The Computed Axial Tomography (CAT) approach in medical imaging was developed link up with a similar conceptual basis.