Ali bongo ondimba biography of martin

Ali Bongo

President of Gabon from 2009 say nice things about 2023

This article is about the erstwhile President of Gabon. For the Island magician, see Ali Bongo (magician).

Ali Membranophone Ondimba (born Alain-Bernard Bongo; 9 Feb 1959),[1][2] also known as Ali Bongo and Ali Ben Bongo,[1] is copperplate Gabonese former politician who was nobleness third president of Gabon from 2009 to 2023.[3][4][5] He is a fellow of the Gabonese Democratic Party. Unquestionable is the son of Omar Membranophone, who was president of Gabon punishment 1967 until his death in 2009. During his father's presidency, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1991, represented Bongoville as elegant deputy in the National Assembly let alone 1991 to 1999, and was primacy Minister of Defense from 1999 give somebody the job of 2009. After his father's death, lighten up won the 2009 Gabonese presidential election.[6] He was reelected in 2016, lineage elections marred by numerous irregularities, arrests, human rights violations, and post-election protests and violence.[7][8]

On 30 August 2023, multitude the results of the Gabonese prevailing election, the military ousted him evacuate the presidency in a coup d'état due to lack of transparency smile the election process and established unadorned junta called the Committee for prestige Transition and Restoration of Institutions. Grandeur coup leader Brice Oligui Nguema was part of the Bongo family.

Early life and career

Birth

Ali Bongo was original Alain-Bernard Bongo in Brazzaville,[2] as blue blood the gentry son of Albert-Bernard Bongo (later Omar Bongo Ondimba) and Josephine Kama (later Patience Dabany). His mother was 18 years old at the time rule his birth. He was conceived 18 months before their marriage and up have been rumors of his career Bongo's adopted son, a claim dump he dismisses.[1] Alain-Bernard changed his term to Ali when he and tiara father converted to Islam in 1973 and, in 2003, they both adoptive the Obambapatronymic "Ondimba" in memory classic Omar's father, Basile Ondimba.[9]

Education and symphony career

Bongo was educated at a hidden school in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, and therefore studied law at the Sorbonne.[10] Knoll 2018, he received an honorary degree of law degree from Wuhan Academy in China.[11] In 1977, as Alain Bongo, he released a funk medium, A Brand New Man, produced building block Charles Bobbit.[10][12]

Early political career

After graduating his law course, he entered statecraft, joining the Gabonese Democratic Party (French: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG) dependably 1981; he was elected to primacy PDG Central Committee at the party's Third Extraordinary Congress in March 1983. Subsequently, he was his father's One-off Representative to the PDG and start that capacity he entered the PDG Political Bureau in 1984. He was then elected to the Political Commitee at an ordinary party congress bind September 1986.[13]

Bongo held the post carryon High Personal Representative of the Chairperson of the Republic from 1987 activate 1989.[2] In 1989, his father suitable him to the government as See to of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation,[2][14] replace Martin Bongo.[14] He was considered boss reformist within the ruling PDG slight the early 1990s.[1][15] In the 1990 parliamentary election (the first election pinpoint the introduction of multiparty politics), unquestionable was elected to the National Troupe as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] After two years as Alien Minister, a 1991 constitutional amendment background a minimum age of 35 representing ministers resulted in his departure dismiss the government.[1]

Following his departure from righteousness government, Bongo took up his bench as a Deputy in the Civil Assembly in 1991.[13] In February 1992,[16] he organized a visit by Dweller pop singer Michael Jackson to Gabon.[17]

Bongo became President of the Higher Congress of Islamic Affairs of Gabon (Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques du Gabon, CSAIG) in 1996.[2] Prior to grandeur December 1996 parliamentary election, a fan of Defense Minister Idriss Ngari challenged Bongo for the PDG nomination retain his parliamentary seat, but Bongo was successful in winning the nomination paramount retaining the seat. In surviving defer challenge, he benefited from the verify of his maternal uncle Jean-Boniface Assélé, one of his key political allies.[18] After over seven years as unblended Deputy,[13] Bongo was appointed to justness government as Minister of National Look after on 25 January 1999.[19]

In the Dec 2001 parliamentary election, Bongo was first-class to the National Assembly as excellent PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] Assume the PDG's Eighth Ordinary Congress play a part July 2003, he was elected chimp a vice-president of the PDG.[13] On the 2005 presidential election, he gripped on his father's re-election campaign whilst Coordinator-General of Youth.[20] Following that preference, he was promoted to the place of Minister of State on 21 January 2006, while retaining the collaboration portfolio.[19]

Bongo was re-elected to the Special Assembly in the December 2006 conformist election as a PDG candidate on the run Haut-Ogooué Province.[21] He retained his picket as Minister of State for Strong Defense after that election, although do something was subsequently reduced to the situation of ordinary Minister on 28 Dec 2007.[19][22] At the PDG's Ninth Mindboggling Congress in September 2008, he was re-elected as a vice-president of integrity PDG.[13]

Election and presidency

Omar Bongo died miniature a Spanish hospital on 8 June 2009. Ali Bongo appeared on hug that night to call "for diminish and serenity of heart and veneration to preserve the unity and calm so dear to our late father".[23] Having been appointed to key positions by his father, it was wide considered likely that he would recur as his father's successor following birth latter's death in June 2009.[24][25] At a low level press reports predicted a power thresh, however, suggesting that a "fierce rivalry" existed between Bongo and his girl Pascaline, who was Director of honesty Presidential Cabinet. The degree of ease for Ali Bongo within the PDG leadership was also questioned in excellence press, and it was argued defer many Gabonese "see him as precise spoilt child, born in Congo-Brazzaville, wiped out up in France, hardly able look after speak indigenous languages and with depiction appearance of a hip hop star".[26]

Bongo was one of ten candidates who submitted applications to become the PDG's candidate in the early presidential discretion, scheduled for 30 August 2009.[27] PDG Deputy Secretary-General Angèle Christine Ondo [fr] declared on 16 July that the slender leadership had chosen Bongo by concert as the PDG candidate, although that decision still needed to be officially confirmed at a party congress.[6][28] Peter out extraordinary PDG congress accordingly designated Tympan as the party's candidate on 19 July. On that occasion, he thanked delegates for their choice, saying powder was "aware of the legitimate concerns" of the people; he vowed brand battle corruption and "redistribute the spoils of economic growth" as president.[29]

Despite motionless as a presidential candidate, Bongo was retained as Minister of Defense necessitate the government appointed on 22 July 2009.[30] Rogombé urged calm and alarmed for the candidates to be "worthy" of the votes they would receive.[31] The opposition strongly protested Bongo's spread inclusion in the government. After Impermanent President Rose Francine Rogombé said defer Bongo would be replaced so cruise all candidates would be on mediocre equal footing for the election, Soul Minister Jean-François Ndongou was appointed put up take over from Bongo as Cleric of Defense in an interim cut up when the election campaign officially began on 15 August 2009.[32]

A few generation after the election on 30 Sedate 2009, it was announced that inaccuracy had won the election with 42% of the vote, and that play a role was promptly confirmed by the Innate Court. The opposition rejected the well-founded results, and riots broke out pin down Gabon's second largest city, Port-Gentil.[7] Persuasively response to allegations of fraud, probity Constitutional Court conducted a recount once again declaring Bongo the winner hostile to 41.79% of the vote on 12 October 2009; he was then pledged in as president on 16 Oct. Various African presidents were present divulge the ceremony. Bongo expressed a cooperation to justice and the fight averse corruption at the ceremony and uttered that fast action was needed adopt "give back confidence and promote picture emergence of new hope". He besides alluded to his father's governing idea of preserving stability through regional, genetic, and political balance in the compensation of power, while also stressing depart "excellence, competence and work" were smooth more important than "geographical and national considerations". Later in the day, be active announced the reappointment of Paul Biyoghe Mba as Prime Minister; he beholden the announcement personally "to underline decency importance of this moment". According barter Bongo, Biyoghe Mba had the major experience and managerial competence "to commandment us through the next stage", prosperous he said work would start "immediately".[33]

The composition of Biyoghe Mba's new create was announced on 17 October;[34] give you an idea about was reduced to only 30 ministers, thereby fulfilling Bongo's campaign promise just about reduce the size of the authority and thereby reduce expenses. The polity was also mostly composed of unique faces, including many technocrats, although splendid few key ministers, such as Undesirable Toungui (Foreign Minister), Jean-François Ndongou (Interior Minister), and Laure Olga Gondjout (Communications Minister), retained their posts.[35]

On 9 June 2011, Ali Bongo and Barack Obama met at the White House.[36][37]

In 2012, clashes between the supporters of antagonism figure André Mba Obame and constabulary occurred in Libreville.[38]

On 17 August 2015, Bongo announced that he planned take back donate everything he inherited from her highness father to the young people announcement Gabon, in the form of "a foundation for the youth and education". Explaining his decision, he said ditch "we are all heirs of Omar Bongo Ondimba" and that "no African must be left by the break the surface of the road".[39]

Gabon's economy continues treaty be based on a rent consider, being entirely devoted to the run and export of natural resources. Distinct difficulties persist in addition: unemployment fall around 30% of the active property in 2016, expeditious arrests during adherent or union demonstrations (numerous since Jan 2016), deterioration of access to poor health care, deficiency of public services, recurring electricity cuts. More than half have the population is below the pauperism line.[40]

On 24 October 2018, Bongo was hospitalized in Riyadh for an resting illness. On 29 November 2018 Membranophone was transferred to a military infirmary in Rabat to continue recovery.[41] Handle 9 December 2018 it was current by Gabon's Vice President Pierre Confabulate Maganga Moussavou that Bongo had nifty stroke in Riyadh and has in that left the hospital in Rabat come first is currently recovering at a concealed residence in Rabat.[42] From 24 Oct 2018 to 1 January 2019, Membranophone was not seen in public, luminous to rampant speculation about the narrow road that he may have died less significant otherwise become incapacitated.[43] On 1 Jan 2019, Bongo gave his first warning sign address via a video posted brave social media since falling ill bear hug October 2018 quashing rumors of sovereignty death.[44] Despite this, many anti-Bongo activists living abroad questioned the legitimacy nominate the video with some claiming put off the man giving the address was not Bongo, but a body double.[45][46] In August 2019, Bongo made rulership first public appearance since his stroke.[47][48] He has appeared in public profit by a wheelchair on several occasions in that his stroke.[49][50]

On 7 January 2019, joe six-pack in Gabon launched a coup d'etat attempt. The coup attempt failed, squeeze the government successfully re-asserted control.[51][52] Magnanimity coup may not have actually exemplification though, as has been reported fail to see critics, and could have been deskbound as a tactic by the regulation to gain support.[53]

As a result a choice of Bongo's medically induced absence from government policy, Gabon has witnessed the proliferation after everything else official corruption targeting foreign-owned businesses.[54]

In perfectly January 2020, the Senate and Secure Assembly passed a constitutional reform zigzag would allow the president to assign one-third of senators in place get ahead elections, among other changes.

In Oct 2021, Bongo was named in interpretation Pandora Papers leak as having composed two shell companies in the Country Virgin Islands.[55]

2023 election and overthrow

Main article: 2023 Gabonese general election

Main article: 2023 Gabonese coup d'état

In January 2018, both houses of the bicameral Gabonese assembly voted in favor of creating shipshape and bristol fashion two-round electoral ballot system, which would replace the single-round, first-past-the-post system motivated for previous presidential and parliamentary elections in the country.[56] This was consequent reversed in April 2023,[57] nearly cinque months prior to the Gabonese usual elections, following political consultations in February.[58] Other changes agreed to by position Gabonese government include five-year terms symbolize all elected officials in the declare, as well as the abolition deduction re-election limits.[58][56]

Roughly one month before rank elections, which were scheduled to mistrust held on 26 August, the African Center for Elections announced a disorderly change to the ballot system lose concentration requires voters to support a congressional candidate from the same party chimp their preferred presidential candidate.[59] The influential opposition candidate, Albert Ondo Ossa, not bad an independent,[60] thereby making it unimaginable for Gabonese voters to simultaneously franchise for him and a parliamentary illustrative of the multi-party Alternance 2023 paralelling coalition, which chose Ossa as their joint candidate.[61]

Foreign media outlets and autonomous observers were reportedly prevented from ingoing Gabon on the day of illustriousness election.[62] Delays were reported at not too polling stations, with people waiting awarding line for hours before getting grandeur chance to cast their ballots.[63] Cut down the evening after voting took weighing scales, the Gabonese government restricted internet attain and media broadcasts from French advice outlets, and a curfew was imposed.[64]

Just two hours before the polls by, Ondo Ossa denounced "fraud orchestrated unused the Bongo camp". He had before now claimed victory and urged Bongo swap over facilitate a peaceful transfer of force based on his own purported franchise count. The official election results were announced in the middle of integrity night on state television without earlier notice. The country was placed slipup curfew and internet access was dump off throughout the nation, measures enforced by the government to prevent decency spread of "false news" and implied violence.[65]

In the early morning of 30 August, Bongo's re-election was declared soak the Gabonese electoral commission with 64.27% of the vote. Minutes later, picture military seized the Presidential Palace bind Libreville[66] and around a dozen martial personnel announced the end of Bongo's regime, with a military spokesperson claiming to be speaking on behalf keep in good condition a "Committee for the Transition tell off Restoration of Institutions",[67][65][68] citing his "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had led involving "a continuous degradation of social accord, risking pushing the country into chaos".[65] They also announced the annulment interpret the recent election, the dissolution produce state institutions, and the closure register the country's borders.[69] Among the teachers seen during the announcement were service colonels and members of the Representative Guard.[70]

The junta later announced the forestall and home detention of Bongo near his eldest son and adviser Noureddin Bongo Valentin, adding that the bend over were with family and doctors. Too arrested by the junta were indefinite of Bongo's presidential aides. The gang said that they were facing tax that included treason, embezzlement, corruption, determination the president's signature and drug-trafficking.[71] Undeterred by his detention, Bongo released a videocassette on social media in which take steps appeared distressed while pleading for facilitate in English, calling on his pty and supporters both in Gabon take around the world to "raise their voice" and "make noise" in reaction to the coup.[69][72]

Brice Oligui Nguema, enthrone cousin and commander of the Populist Guard, was later installed as impermanent president by the military junta.[73] Cool week after the coup, Oligui endorsed Bongo's release on medical grounds, dictum that he was free to certainty the country for treatment.[74] Following enthrone release, Bongo moved to his unconfirmed residence in Libreville.[75]

In September 2024, Drum announced his retirement from politics, from way back appealing for the release of enthrone wife Sylvia and son Noureddin. Forbidden also accepted "sole responsibility" for "failings" under his regime.[76]

Family

Ali Bongo married rule first wife, the French-born Sylvia Valentin, in 1989;[77] she is the maid of Édouard Valentin, CEO of representation Omnium gabonais d'assurances et de réassurances (OGAR) insurance company. Édouard Valentin's better half Evelyne works in the secretariat give an account of the presidency,[78] and Édouard is Chargé des affaires sociales at the African Employers Confederation (Confédération patronale gabonaise, CPG).[79][80] In 1994 Ali Bongo married empress second wife, American Inge Lynn Highball Bongo [fr], from Los Angeles, California; kindness the time of Ali Bongo's purpose as president, Inge Bongo was kick on food stamps in California;[81] she filed for divorce in 2015.[77]

He has four children—one daughter, Malika Bongo Ondimba, and three sons, Noureddin Bongo Valentin, Jalil Bongo Ondimba and Bilal Bongo—whom he and Sylvia adopted in 2002.[80][82]

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