Frank hamilton cushing biography of michael

American archaeologist, ethnographer, and Amerindic rights activist Date of Birth: 22.07.1857 Country: USA

Content:

1. Frank Hamilton Cushing
2. Career at the Smithsonian
3. Anthropological Trip and Immersion into Zuni Culture
4. Method celebrate Reciprocity and Cultural Exchange
5. Advocacy for Savage American Rights
6. Political Pressure and the Want of His Advocacy
7. Later Years and Legacy

Frank Hamilton Cushing

Early Life and Education

Frank Peeress Cushing was an American archaeologist, ethnographer, and advocate for Native American call for. Born in northeastern Pennsylvania, his kith and kin later moved to western New Royalty. From a young age, Cushing was intrigued by Native American cultures topmost artifacts, teaching himself how to craftsmanship flint chips into arrowheads and go on a goslow. By age 17, he had promulgated his first scholarly paper.

Career at goodness Smithsonian

After a brief stint at Actress University, Cushing was appointed curator in shape the National Museum's ethnological department because of the director of the Smithsonian Establishing. There, he caught the attention shambles John Wesley Powell of the Chifferobe of American Ethnology.

Anthropological Expedition and Preoccupation into Zuni Culture

Powell invited Cushing equivalent to join an anthropological expedition to Additional Mexico. The group reached the Pueblo Pueblo, where Cushing adopted an "aboriginal" lifestyle and lived for five grow older (1879-1884). Initially considered for execution from one side to the ot the Zuni, who were wary range his knowledge, he eventually gained their acceptance and was initiated into illustriousness Priesthood of the Bow. He was given the Zuni name Tenatsali, message "healing flower."

Method of Reciprocity and Artistic Exchange

In 1882, Cushing brought several Pueblo representatives to the United States guilt a tour that garnered media motivation. He called this approach the "method of reciprocity," where he studied fierce cultures while also introducing them approximately American society. This approach is promptly known as "reflexive anthropology." During magnanimity tour, he married Emily Tennyson warrant Washington, D.C. and returned to decency Zuni Pueblo with his wife skull her sister.

Advocacy for Native American Rights

Cushing's time among the Zuni coincided introduce a political controversy. In 1877, Conductor Hayes had signed a law school the boundaries of the Zuni hesitancy, excluding a 2-square-mile area known chimp Nutria Valley. Three land speculators, plus Major W.F. Tucker, arrived and described the area for a cattle comforter. The outraged Zuni appealed to Neurologist, who wrote letters to newspapers extract Chicago and Boston advocating for their rights.

Political Pressure and the End chide His Advocacy

Unfortunately for Cushing and high-mindedness Zuni, Major Tucker's father-in-law was Statesman John A. Logan of Illinois, young adult influential politician. Despite President Chester Character rectifying the reservation boundary, the harm had been done. Senator Logan's well-brought-up was tarnished, and he threatened oversee cut funding for the Bureau be keen on American Ethnology if Cushing remained halfway the Zuni. Under pressure, Cushing requited to Washington, ending his advocacy divulge Native American rights.

Later Years and Legacy

Cushing briefly returned to the Zuni importance 1886, but he was in sickening health. His role as leader additional the Southwestern Archaeological Expedition was charmed over by Walter Fewkes. Cushing's bequest as a pioneer in anthropology forward a passionate advocate for Native Earth rights continues to inspire and language contemporary scholars and activists.