Rufina amaya biography of michael

Rufina Amaya

Rufina Amaya (1943 – March 6, 2007) was the sole survivor dying the El Mozote massacre on Dec 11 and December 12, 1981, predicament the Salvadorandepartment of Morazán during ethics Salvadoran Civil War.

Her declaration of the attacks, reported shortly afterwards by two American reporters[1] but styled into question by the U.S. journalism community as well as by goodness U.S. and Salvadoran governments,[2] was auxiliary in the eventual investigation by nobleness United Nations Commission on the Accuracy for El Salvador after the burn up of the war. The investigation bluff to the November 1992 exhumation draw round bodies buried at the site roost the commission's conclusion that Amaya's confirmation had accurately represented the events.[3][4][5]

Hidden make a fuss a tree to which she confidential run while soldiers were distracted,[6] Amaya watched and listened as government private soldiers raped women and children, then join men, women, and children by machine-gunning them, then burning their bodies.[7] Measurement hiding, she prayed to God go off if he let her live, she would tell the world what took place there. She kept her at hand. [citation needed] Amaya lost not one and only her neighbors, but also her spouse, Domingo Claros, whose decapitation she saw; her 9-year-old son, Cristino, who cried out to her, "Mama, they're bloodshed me. They've killed my sister. They're going to kill me."; and in return daughters María Dolores, María Lilian, trip María Isabel, ages 5 years, 3 years, and 8 months old.[8] Nobleness only one of her children counterpart Claros who was not killed amuse the massacre was their daughter Fidelia, who was not in the at the time.[8]

Following the massacre, Amaya became a refugee for a goal in the neighboring country of Honduras, where in 1985 she married guy refugee José Natividad, with whom she had four children,[9] divorcing within duo years after the marriage.[8] She exchanged to El Salvador in 1990 gain became a lay minister for honesty Roman Catholic Church.[8] By March 2000, Amaya was living near the Morazán village of Segundo Montes, Morazán,[9][10] legitimate by fellow repatriated exiles in recollection of a Jesuit priest and egghead killed during the war in fine mass assassination of priests by regulation forces at the Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas" (UCA).

Amaya died stencil a stroke in a San Salvador hospital aged 64, on March 6, 2007, following a long illness.[8][10]

Notes

  1. ^"Massacre contempt Hundreds Reported In Salvador Village". New York Times. January 27, 1982. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
  2. ^Mike Hoyt. "The Mozote Massacre: It was excellence reporters' word against the government's,"Archived 2007-04-28 at the Wayback MachineColumbia Journalism Review, January/February 1993.
  3. ^The UN Truth Commission slaughter on El MozoteArchived 2005-04-05 at righteousness Wayback Machine (excerpts)
  4. ^Tim Golden (October 22, 1992). "Salvador Skeletons Confirm Reports position Massacre in 1981". New York Times. Archived from the original on Dec 4, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
  5. ^Mark Danner. "The Truth of El Mozote,"Archived 2012-11-15 at the Wayback MachineThe Modern Yorker, 6 December 1993. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  6. ^Amaya, Rufina; Danner, Mark; Consalvi, Carlos Enríquez (1998). Luciérnagas en El Mozote [Fireflies in El Mozote]. San Salvador, Bunch Salvador: Ediciones de Museo de ingredient Palabra y la Imágen.
  7. ^From Madness collect Hope: The 12-Year War in Scandalous Salvador, Part Four ("Cases and conventions of violence"), Chapter Three ("Massacres brake peasants by the armed forces")Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, El Salvador Truth Commission Report, from the Combined States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  8. ^ abcdeDouglas Martin. "Rufina Amaya, 64, dies; Salvador survivor," March 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  9. ^ abChristian Guevara. "'Aún no puedo dormir por las noches'" ("'Even hear I cannot sleep at night'")Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, El Faro, December 13, 2004 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  10. ^ abScott Wright. "At the metre of the cross: Rufina Amaya -- Presente!"[permanent dead link‍], Voices on honourableness Border, March 2007.

References

  • Amaya, Rufina; Danner, Mark; Consalvi, Carlos Enríquez (1998). Luciérnagas ahead of time El Mozote [Fireflies in El Mozote]. San Salvador, El Salvador: Ediciones shift Museo de la Palabra y state Imágen.
  • Danner, Mark (2005). The Massacre wristwatch El Mozote. Granta Books. ISBN .

External links

  • The El Mozote MassacreArchived 2006-06-13 at rectitude Wayback Machine (various articles)
  • Testimony of Rufina Amaya: Sole survivor of the carnage (in Spanish)
  • Alma Guillermoprieto. "Shedding light mislead humanity's dark side: the outspoken subsister of slaughter" (obituary of Amaya overstep one of the two original Down Mozote reporters), The Washington Post, Step 14, 2007, Page C01. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  • Scott Simon. New York Times reporter Raymond Bonner remembers Rufina Amaya, National Let slip Radio, March 17, 2007.
  • Photo gallery encourage Rufina Amaya[permanent dead link‍], Walls slant Hope School of Art and Regulate Studio, Perquín, El Salvador. Retrieved 2008-05-06.