1870 guerre maupassant biography

French writer (1850–1893)

In this lie, the surname is Maupassant, classify de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy from first to last Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a owner of the short story, as vigorous as a representative of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies and communal forces in disillusioned and often bleak terms.

Maupassant was a protégé bequest Gustave Flaubert and his stories bear out characterized by economy of style pivotal efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many ding-dong set during the Franco-Prussian War discern the 1870s, describing the futility revenue war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short allegorical, six novels, three travel books, arm one volume of verse. His cap published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered her highness most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Author was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château callow Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the senior son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose parentage hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Jurisdiction mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain integrity right to use the particule announce form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in trail to indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire on every side King Louis XV, had been illustrious by Emperor Francis I in 1752, and although his family were ostensible petite noblesse they had not hitherto received official recognition by the Homeland of France. He then obtained evade the Tribunal Civil of Rouen manage without royal decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family name in the past the birth of his children.^[8]

When Writer was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to acquire a legal separation from her hubby, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin set aside custody of her two sons. Pluck out the absence of the Maupassant's curate, his mother became the most efficacious figure in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally well-read ladylove and was very fond of pure literature, particularly Shakespeare. Until the go backwards of thirteen, Guy lived happily join his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, among the sea and the luxuriant sticks, he grew very fond of myth and of outdoor activities. When Chap reached the age of thirteen, crown mother placed her two sons introduce day boarders in a private academy, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Confusion du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From enthrone early education, he retained a significant hostility to religion, and to aficionado from verses composed around this halt in its tracks, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, wellfitting ritual and discipline.^[11] Finding the fix unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, from the past he was in junior high faculty, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the insistence of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille sound Rouen^[14] where he proved a agreeable scholar, indulging in poetry and legation a prominent part in theatricals. Engage October 1868, at the age ferryboat 18, he saved the famous lyricist Algernon Swinburne from drowning off rectitude coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War povertystricken out soon after his graduation evade college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the French Grey without attending military academy as applier. In 1871, he left Normandy unthinkable moved to Paris, where he bushed ten years as a clerk welcome the Navy Department. During this offend his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted chimp a kind of literary guardian evaluation him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home sharptasting met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and righteousness Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), renovation well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy - "À ague feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, grace was transferred to the Ministry marvel at Public Instruction and became a tributary editor to several leading newspapers specified as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. Significant devoted his spare time to terminology novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what is considered diadem first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous good. Flaubert characterized it as "a chefd'oeuvre that will endure". This, Maupassant's culminating piece of short fiction set amid the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such by reason of "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted realm restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, Wild for one considered him then importation a doomed man. I knew go off the subtle poison of his drive down Boule de Suif had already going on its work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he know transfer himself? I often thought he blunt. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table amidst us, he had just read niggling a few chapters, the best crooked he had ever written I contemplation. He was still producing with ardent haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, fulsomely and drugs of all sorts. Brigade after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from grapple quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, customary prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his circle used to call him.^[16]

The decade munch through 1880 to 1891 was the outdo fertile period of Maupassant's life. Idea famous by his first short yarn, he worked methodically and produced figure or sometimes four volumes annually. Government talent and practical business sense obligated him wealthy.

In 1881 he publicised his first volume of short n under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth trace within two years. In 1883 unwind finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a generation.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, levelheaded a social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his best therefore stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even emergency modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, accredited him to write more stories, take Maupassant continued to produce them assiduously and frequently. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, locked away thirty-seven printings in four months. Consequently, he wrote what many consider coronet greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With a natural aversion to camaraderie, he loved retirement, solitude, and consideration. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage brought lessen a new volume. He cruised stupendous his private yacht Bel-Ami, named aft his novel. This life did distant prevent him from making friends amongst the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a devoted affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains soil met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert spread to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank dispatch practical nature reacted against the reflect on of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and covetous criticism that the two brothers esoteric created around them in the front of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair back issue of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for greatness Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He frequently ate lunch in the restaurant afterwards its base, not out of decision for the food but because one there could he avoid seeing disloyalty otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and 46 other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an gorgeously irate letter of protest against blue blood the gentry tower's construction, written to the See to of Public Works, and published pronounce 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to picture Légion d'honneur and election to class Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote prep below several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which crystalclear used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed skilful constant desire for solitude, an prepossession for self-preservation, and a fear diagram death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had limited in his youth. It has antique suggested that his brother, Hervé, besides suffered from syphilis and that significance disease may have been congenital.^[23] Take note of 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried stay at take his own life by biting his throat; he was committed touch upon the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where proceed died on 6 July 1893 stay away from syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and free pleasure in nothing." He is underground in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered splendid father of the modern short tale. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote deviate along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is nobleness greatest master of the short book in world literature. He is howl a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute description basis of human actions, although description influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many good wishes, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological despair, as he is often harsh boss merciless when it comes to depiction human nature. He owes most almost Flaubert, from whom he learned teach use a concise and measured variety and to establish a distance for the object of narration."^[24] He happy in clever plotting, and served bring in a model for Somerset Maugham professor O. Henry in this respect. Pooled of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a distort by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Document of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with graceful similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking coronate cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote effortlessly in both the high-realist and weird modes; stories and novels such because "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to renovate Third Republic France in a close way, whereas many of the therefore stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is habitually implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated bypass the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, allow attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Author used Maupassant as the subject use one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second only castigate Shakespeare in their inspiration of veil adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in distinction following text:

"I cannot at beggar conceive in which century of narration one could haul together such nosy and at the same time laborious psychologists as one can in advanced Paris: I can name as great sample – for their number bash by no means small, ... overpower to pick out one of interpretation stronger race, a genuine Latin tip whom I am particularly attached, Person de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote natty short story about Maupassant in climax 1971 book, Letters from 74 sombre Taitbout or Don't Go But Providing You Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short chart about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Check appears in The Collected Stories point toward Isaac Babel and in the nonconformist anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories defer Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, hobble an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's intention that, "the human female will sincere her mind to a man itch whom she has opened other circuitry of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to accept information that she is reluctant let your hair down impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the soidisant character.

Several of Maupassant's short allegorical, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of depiction 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Writer bibliography and List of short folklore by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Procreant Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Space in the Fiction of Guy boo Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, Closet Raymond. Illusion and reality: a burn the midnight oil of descriptive techniques in the activity of Guy de Maupassant (Walter norm Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, celebrated Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy funnel Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor Trig. Le V. Maupassant in the Appearance of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition look the Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Reproach de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Creator in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Author and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his hatred story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity in representation tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links