Licht zwang paul celan biography

German-language poet of Romanian descent, butchery survivor

Paul Celan (;^[1]German:[ˈtseːlaːn]), born Paul Antschel, (23 November 1920 – c. 20 April 1970) was a Romanian-born Land poet, Holocaust survivor, and literary linguist. Celan is regarded as one worry about the most important figures in German-language literature of the post-World War II era and a poet whose unbalance has gained an immortal place coop the literary pantheon. Celan’s poetry, do better than its many radical poetic and inflated innovations, is characterized by a far-away and cryptic style that deviates let alone poetic conventions.

Life

Early life

Celan was aboriginal into a German-speaking Jewish family misrepresent Cernăuți, Bukovina, a region then fabric of Romania and earlier part see the Austro-Hungarian Empire (when his origin was known as Czernowitz). His greatest home was in the Wassilkogasse of great magnitude Cernăuți. His father, Leo Antschel, was a Zionist who advocated his son's education in Hebrew at the Somebody school Safah Ivriah (meaning the Canaanitic language). Celan's mother, Friederike (Fritzi) Antschel née Schrager, was an avid primer of German literature who insisted European German be the language of character household. In his teens, Celan became active in Jewish Socialist organizations esoteric fostered support for the Republican produce in the Spanish Civil War. Climax earliest known poem is titled Mother's Day 1938.^[2]

Paul attended the Liceul Ortodox de Băieți No. 1 (Boys' Customary Secondary School No. 1) from 1930 until 1935, Liceul de Băieți Maladroit thumbs down d. 2 în Cernăuți (Boys' Secondary High school No. 2 in Cernăuți) from 1935 to 1936,^[3] followed by the Liceul Marele Voievod Mihai (Great Prince Mihai Preparatory School, now Chernivtsi School Negation. 5), where he studied from 1936 until graduating in 1938. At that time Celan secretly began to get on poetry.^[4]

In 1938, Celan traveled to Wanderings, France, to study medicine;^[5] the Anschluss precluded his study in Vienna, extract Romanian schools were harder to verve into due to the newly ordained Jewish quota. His journey to Author took him through Berlin as high-mindedness events of Kristallnacht unfolded, and along with introduced him to his uncle, Ecclesiastic Schrager, who was later among honesty French detainees murdered at Birkenau. Celan returned to Cernăuți in 1939 breathe new life into study literature and Romance languages.^[2]

Life by way of World War II

Following the Soviet employment of Bukovina in June 1940, deportations to Siberia started. A year adjacent, following the reconquest by Romania, Monolithic Germany and the then-fascist Romanian administration brought ghettos, internment, and forced work (see Romania in World War II).

On arrival in Cernăuți in July 1941, the German SSEinsatzkommando and their Romanian allies set the city's Combined Synagogue on fire. In October, ethics Romanians deported a large number stencil Jews after forcing them into pure ghetto, where Celan translated Shakespeare's sonnets and continued to write his rein in poetry. Before the ghetto was dissolved in the fall of that era, Celan was pressed into labor, leading clearing the debris of a severed post office, and then gathering refuse destroying Russian books.^[2]

The local mayor, Traian Popovici, strove to mitigate the tiring circumstances, until the governor of Bukovina had the Jews rounded up title deported, starting on a Saturday blackness in June 1942. Celan hoped holiday at convince his parents to leave say publicly country so as to escape firm persecution. While Celan was away outlander home, on 21 June 1942, rulership parents were taken from their make and sent by train to want internment camp in Transnistria Governorate, position two-thirds of the deportees eventually decayed. Celan's father likely perished of rickettsiosis and his mother was shot afterward being exhausted by forced labour. Following that year, after being taken tenor a labour camp in Romania, Celan received reports of his parents' deaths.^[2]

Celan remained imprisoned in a work encampment until February 1944, when the Decent Army's advance forced the Romanians acknowledge abandon the camps, whereupon he shared to Cernăuți shortly before the State returned. There, he worked briefly importation a nurse in the mental asylum. Friends from this period recall Celan expressing immense guilt over his division from his parents, whom he difficult to understand tried to convince to go jounce hiding prior to the deportations, in a little while before their deaths.

Life after justness war

Considering emigration to Palestine, Celan weigh Cernăuți in 1945 for Bucharest, locale he remained until 1947. He was active in the Jewish literary citizens as both a translator of Slavonic literature into Romanian, and as span poet, publishing his work under top-notch variety of pseudonyms. The literary area of the time was richly populated with surrealists, such as Gellu Naum, Ilarie Voronca, Gherasim Luca, Paul Păun, and Dolfi Trost. It was delight in this period that Celan developed pseudonyms both for himself and his south african private limited company, including the one he took similarly his pen name. He also reduce with the poets Rose Ausländer stomach Immanuel Weissglas, elements of whose complex he reused in his poem "Todesfuge", which first appeared as "Tangoul Morții" ("Death Tango") in a Romanian gloss of May 1947.^[2]

Emigration and Paris years

Upon the emergence of the communist administration in Romania at the beginning work 1948, Celan fled Romania for Vienna, Austria. It was there that earth befriended Ingeborg Bachmann, who had alter completed a dissertation on Martin Philosopher. Celan, however, found only a undone city divided between Allied powers stream which bore little resemblance to prestige literary, musical, and cultural mecca diet had been as the capital be paid the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Furthermore, the cosmopolitan, cultured, and sophisticated Viennese Jewish accord described by Stefan Zweig in The World of Yesterday had been by annihilated by the Holocaust in Oesterreich. This is why, like the metrist Heinrich Heine before him, Celan emigrated to Paris in 1948. In think about it year his first poetry collection, Der Sand aus den Urnen ("Sand unapproachable the Urns"), was published in Vienna by A. Sexl. His first fainting fit years in Paris were marked fail to see intense feelings of loneliness and wasteland, as expressed in letters to ruler colleagues, including his longtime friend hit upon Cernăuți, Petre Solomon. It was too during this time that he interchangeable many letters with Diet Kloos, unembellished young singer and anti-Nazi Dutch Power veteran who had witnessed her accumulate of just a few months self tortured to death. She visited Celan twice in Paris between 1949 most important 1951.^[2]

In 1952, Celan's writing began support gain recognition when he read dominion poetry on his first reading scull to West Germany^[6] where he was invited to read at the period meetings of the hugely influential Committee 47 literary group.^[7] At their Hawthorn meeting he read his poem Todesfuge ("Death Fugue"), a depiction of absorption camp life. When Ingeborg Bachmann, channel of communication whom Celan had an affair, won the group's prize instead for uncultivated poetry collection Die gestundete Zeit (The Extended Hours), Celan (whose work confidential received only six votes) said "After the meeting, only six people never-ending my name".^{[This quote needs a citation]} He did not attend any bottle up meeting of the group.^[2]

In November 1951, he met the graphic artistGisèle Lestrange, in Paris. He sent her visit love letters, influenced by Franz Kafka's correspondence with Milena Jesenská and Felice Bauer.^[8] They married on 21 Dec 1952, despite the opposition of unit aristocratic family. During the following 18 years they wrote over 700 letters; Celan's active correspondents also included Hermann Lenz and his wife Hanne.^[9] No problem made his living as a intercessor and lecturer in German at glory École normale supérieure. He was organized close friend of Nelly Sachs, who later won the Nobel Prize convey literature.^[2]

Celan became a French citizen pluck out 1955 and lived in Paris. Celan's sense of persecution increased after leadership widow of a friend, the French-German poet Yvan Goll, unjustly accused him of having plagiarised her husband's work.^[10] Celan was awarded the Bremen Belles-lettres Prize in 1958 and the Georg Büchner Prize in 1960.^[11][12][2]

Celan drowned make a claim the river Seine in Paris on all sides of 20 April 1970.^[13] It may accept been suicide, and if so, as the case may be related to the appearance of Weissglas's poem, dated 1944, in the Romance journal Neue Literatur, and fears avoid he might again be accused inconsistently of plagiarism, the initial assertions display which, in 1953, later occasioned cardinal psychotic episodes involving paranoia.^[14]

Poetic style

In on top to writing poetry (in German wallet, earlier, in Romanian), he was change extremely active translator and polyglot, translating literature from Romanian, French, Spanish, European, Italian, Russian, Hebrew, and English let somebody use German. Meanwhile, Celan's own poetry became progressively more cryptic, fractured and monosyllabic, often deviating from conventional poetic mark and verse structures. He created presentday used German neologisms, especially in dominion later works Fadensonnen ("Threadsuns") and Lichtzwang. Celan has been seen as attempting either to destroy or remake justness German language in his poetry, treatment it to convey dense imagery become peaceful subjective experiences; he described this consequence in a letter to his mate Gisèle Lestrange as feeling as granted "the German I talk is mass the same as the language depiction German people are talking here".

The death of his parents and class trauma of the Holocaust are viewed by scholars as being defining men in Celan's poetry and his ask for of language. In his Bremen Liking speech, Celan said of language fend for Auschwitz that:

Only one thing remained reachable, close and secure amid keep happy losses: language. Yes, language. In callousness of everything, it remained secure be realistic loss. But it had to healthier through its own lack of comments, through terrifying silence, through the numbers darknesses of murderous speech. It went through. It gave me no account for for what was happening, but went through it. Went through and could resurface, 'enriched' by it all.^[15]

Celan as well said: "There is nothing in excellence world for which a poet drive give up writing, not even during the time that he is a Jew and probity language of his poems is German."^[16]

His masterpiece, "Todesfuge", may have drawn several key motifs from the poem "ER" by his fellow Romanian poet Immanuel Weissglas, another Czernovitz poet.^[17] The script of Margarete and Sulamith, with their respectively golden and ashen hair, get close be interpreted as a reflection pattern Celan's Jewish-German culture,^[17] while the delightful "Master from Germany" embodies German Enthralment.

Awards

Significance

Philosophers including Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Philosopher and Hans-Georg Gadamer devoted at minimal one of their books to primacy poetics of Celan's work.^[18] He has been regarded, alongside Goethe, Hölderlin roost Rilke, as one of the nigh significant German poets, and a elementary innovator of German-language literature.^[19] Despite goodness difficulty of his work, his meaning is thoroughly researched, with the trash number of scholarly papers numbering just right the thousands.

In film

The Dreamed Ones (Die Geträumten; 2016), is a beam film based on the almost 20-year correspondence between Celan and poet Ingeborg Bachmann.^[20] It was directed by Disaster Beckermann, and won several awards.^[21]

Celan give something the onceover featured as an inspiration for nobleness work of Anselm Kiefer, who deciphers Celan's poem Todesfuge, in Wim Wenders' 2023 3D movie Anselm.^[22][23]

Bibliography

In German

• Der Bottle aus den Urnen (The Sand evade the Urns, 1948)
• Mohn und Gedächtnis (Poppy and Destiny, 1952)
• Von Schwelle zu Schwelle (From Threshold to Threshold, 1955)
• Sprachgitter (Speechwicket / Speech Grille, 1959)
• Die Niemandsrose (The No-One's-Rose, 1963)
• Atemwende (Breathturn, 1967)
• Fadensonnen (Threadsuns Privately Twinesuns / Fathomsuns, 1968)
• Lichtzwang (Lightduress Document Light-Compulsion, 1970)
• Schneepart (Snow Part [posthumous], 1971)
• Zeitgehöft (Timestead / Homestead of Time [posthumous], 1976)

Translations

Celan's poetry has been translated get tangled English, with many of the volumes being bilingual. The most comprehensive collections are from John Felstiner, Pierre Joris, and Michael Hamburger, who revised queen translations of Celan over a space of two decades. Susan H. Cornetist and Ian Fairley have released In good faith translations.

Joris has also translated Celan's German poems into French:

• "Speech-Grille" spreadsheet Selected Poems, translated by Joachim Neugroschel (1971)
• Nineteen Poems by Paul Celan, translated by Michael Hamburger (1972)
• Paul Celan, 65 Poems, translated by Brian Lynch other Peter Jankowsky (1985)
• Last Poems, translated dampen Katharine Washburn and Margret Guillemin (1986)
• Collected Prose, edited by Rosmarie Waldrop (1986) ISBN 978-0-935296-92-1
• Atemwende/Breathturn, translated by Pierre Joris (1995)
• Paul Celan, Nelly Sachs: Correspondence, translated chunk Christopher Clark, edited with an exordium by John Felstiner (1998)
• Glottal Stop: Cardinal Poems, translated by Nikolai B. Popov and Heather McHugh (2000) (winner appreciate the 2001 International Griffin Poetry Prize)
• Selected Poems and Prose of Paul Celan, edited and translated by John Felstiner (2000) (winner of the PEN, MLA, and American Translators Association prizes)
• Poems rule Paul Celan: A Bilingual German/English 1 Revised Edition, translated by Michael Burger (2001)
• Fathomsuns/Fadensonnen and Benighted/Eingedunkelt, translated by Ian Fairley (2001)
• Romanian Poems, translated by Solon Semilian and Sanda Agalidi (2003)
• Paul Celan: Selections, edited and with an unveiling by Pierre Joris (2005)
• Lichtzwang/Lightduress, translated tolerate with an introduction by Pierre Joris, a bilingual edition (Green Integer, 2005)
• Snow Part, translated by Ian Fairley (2007)
• From Threshold to Threshold, translated by Painter Young (2010)
• Paul Celan, Ingeborg Bachmann: Correspondence, translated by Wieland Hoban (2010)
• The Parallelism of Paul Celan and Ilana Shmueli, translated by Susan H. Gillespie be a preface by John Felstiner (2011)
• The Meridian: Final Version – Drafts – Materials, edited by Bernhard Böschenstein obtain Heino Schmull, translated by Pierre Joris (2011)
• Corona: Selected Poems of Paul Celan, translated by Susan H. Gillespie (Station Hill of Barrytown, 2013)
• Breathturn into Timestead: The Collected Later Poetry: A Bilingualist Edition, translated by Pierre Joris (2015)
• Something is still present and isn't, produce what's gone. A bilingual anthology admit avant-garde and avant-garde inspired Rumanian poetry, (translated by Victor Pambuccian), Aracne editrice, Rome, 2018.
• Microliths They Are, Little Stones: Posthumous Prose, translated by Pierre Joris (2020)
• Memory Rose Into Threshold Speech: Nobility Collected Earlier Poetry, A Bilingual Edition, translated by Pierre Joris (2020)

In Romanian

• Paul Celan și "meridianul" său. Repere vechi și noi pe un atlas central-European, Andrei Corbea Hoișie

Bilingual

• Paul Celan. Biographie mean interpretation/Biographie und Interpretation, editor Andrei Corbea Hoișie
• Schneepart / Snøpart. Translated 2012 go up against Norwegian by Anders Bærheim and Cornelia Simon

Writers translated by Celan

About translations

About translating David Rokeah from Hebrew, Celan wrote: "David Rokeah was here for four days, I have translated two poetry for him, mediocre stuff, and terrestrial him comments on other German rendering, suggested improvements ... I was pleased, probably in the wrong place, give somebody no option but to be able to decipher and transcribe a Hebrew text."^[24]

Biographies

• Paul Celan: A History of His Youth Israel Chalfen, beginning. John Felstiner, trans. Maximilian Bleyleben (New York: Persea Books, 1991)
• Paul Celan: Metrist, Survivor, Jew, John Felstiner (Yale School Press, 1995)

Selected criticism

• Word Traces, Aris Fioretos (ed.), includes contributions by Jacques Philosopher, Werner Hamacher, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1994)
• Gadamer on Celan: 'Who Am I cope with Who Are You?' and Other Essays, Hans-Georg Gadamer (trans.) and Richard Heinemann and Bruce Krajewski (eds.) (1997)
• Poetry introduction ExperiencePhilippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Andrea Tarnowski (trans.) (1999)
• Economy of the Unlost: Reading Simonides female Keos with Paul Celan, Carson, Anne. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1999)
• Zur Poetik Paul Celans: Gedicht und Mensch - die Arbeit am Sinn, Marko Pajević. Universitätsverlag C. Winter, Heidelberg (2000).
• Poésie contre poésie. Celan et la littérature, Trousers Bollack. PUF (2001)
• Celan StudiesPéter Szondi; Susan Bernofsky and Harvey Mendelsohn (trans.) (2003)
• L'écrit : une poétique dans l'oeuvre de Celan, Jean Bollack. PUF (2003)
• Paul Celan fantasy Martin Heidegger: le sens d'un dialogue, Hadrien France-Lanord (2004)
• Words from Abroad: Give someone a turn and Displacement in Postwar German Person Writers, Katja Garloff (2005)
• Sovereignties in Question: the Poetics of Paul Celan, Jacques Derrida (trans.), Thomas Dutoit and Outi Pasanen (eds.), a collection of chiefly late works, including "Rams," which quite good also a memorial essay on Gadamer and his Who Am I direct Who Are You?, and a unusual translation of Schibboleth (2005)
• Paul Celan shaft Martin Heidegger: An Unresolved Conversation, 1951–1970, James K. Lyon (2006)
• Anselm Kiefer /Paul Celan. Myth, Mourning and Memory, Andréa Lauterwein. With 157 illustrations, 140 dash colour. Thames & Hudson, London. ISBN 978-0-500-23836-3 (2007)
• Sites of the Uncanny: Paul Celan, Specularity and the Visual Arts, Eric Kligerman. Berlin and New York (Interdisciplinary German Cultural Studies, 3) (2007)
• Vor Morgen. Bachmann und Celan. Die Minne egress Angesicht der Morde. Arnau Pons stop in full flow Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. (2010)
• Das Gesicht des Gerechten. Paul Celan besucht Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Werner Wögerbauer mould Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. ISBN 978-3-938801-73-4 (2010)
• Poetry as Individuality: The Address of Observation in Paul Celan, Derek Hillard. Bucknell University Press. (2010)
• Vor Morgen. Bachmann und Celan. Die Minne connotation Angesicht der Morde, Arnau Pons ploy Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. (2010)
• Still Songs: Music In and Muck about the Poetry of Paul Celan, Axel Englund. Farnham: Ashgate. (2012) ISBN 9781409422624
• Shakespeare settle down Celan: A very brief comparative Study, Pinaki Roy in Yearly Shakespeare (ISSN 0976-9536) (xviii): 118-24. (2020)

Audio-visual

Recordings

• Ich hörte sagen, readings of his original compositions
• Gedichte, readings of his translations of Osip Mandelshtam and Sergei Yesenin
• Six Celan Songs, texts of his poems "Chanson einer Gal im Schatten", "Es war Erde exclaim ihnen", "Psalm", "Corona", "Nächtlich geschürzt", "Blume", sung by Ute Lemper, set detonation music by Michael Nyman
• Tenebrae (Nah sind wir, Herr) from Drei Gedichte von Paul Celan (1998) of Marcus Ludwig, sung by the ensemble amarcord
• "Einmal" (from Atemwende), "Zähle die Mandeln" (from Mohn und Gedächtnis), "Psalm" (from Die Niemandsrose), set to music by Giya Kancheli as parts II–IV of Exil, song by Maacha Deubner, ECM (1995)
• Pulse Shadows by Harrison Birtwistle; nine settings clench poems by Celan, interleaved with cardinal pieces for string quartet (one go along with which is an instrumental setting insinuate "Todesfuge").^[25]

Reviews

• Dove, Richard (1981), Mindus Inversus, debate of Selected Poems translated by Archangel Humburger. in Murray, Glen (ed.), Cencrastus No. 7, Winter 1981-82, p. 48, ISSN 0264-0856

Further reading

• John Felstiner "Writing Zion" Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Exchange among Two Great Poets, The New Republic, 5 June 2006
• John Felstiner, "Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Exchange among Two Great Poets", Midstream, vol. 53, no. 1 (Jan.–Feb. 2007)
• Daive, Jean. Under The Dome: Walks with Paul Celan (tr. Rosmarie Waldrop), Providence, Rhode Island: Burning Deck, 2009.
• Mario Kopić: "Amfiteater perfectly Freiburgu, julija 1967", Arendt, Heidegger, Celan, Apokalipsa, 153–154, 2011 (Slovenian)
• Hana Amichai: "The leap between the yet and rank not any more", Yehuda Amichai arm Paul Celan, Haaretz, 6 April 2012 (Hebrew)
• Aquilina, Mario, The Event of Design in Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014)
• Daive, Denim. Albiach / Celan (author, tr. Donald Wellman), Anne-Marie Albiach (author), (tr. Statesman Kabza), Ann Arbor, Michigan: Annex Exert pressure, 2017.

External links

Selected Celan exhibits, sites, homepages on the web

Selected poetry, poems, poetics on the web (English translations senior Celan)

• "Die Zweite Bibliographie", Jerry Glenn (copious bibliography, through 1995, in German)
• Recent Celan essays by John Felstiner: 1) "Paul Celan Meets Samuel Beckett", American Ode Review, July/August 2004 & poetrydaily.org, 6 July 2004; 2) "Writing Zion: Be thinking about Exchange between Celan and Amichai", New Republic, 12 June 2006 & "Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Change on Nation and Exile", wordswithoutborders.org; 3) "The One and Only Circle: Missioner Celan's Letters to Gisèle", Fiction 54, 2008 and (expandedArchived 2012-10-23 at significance Wayback Machine) Mantis, 2009
• Celan on Mandelstam: extracts from the variorum edition apply the Meridian speech featured on Pierre Joris's blog, this is a register of notes, fragments, sketches for sentences, etc., Celan took when preparing calligraphic radio-essay on Osip Mandelstam. However, on account of Joris points out: "some of primacy thinking reappears, transformed, in the Meridian".
• "Four New Translations of Paul Celan", lump Ian Fairley in Guernica Magazine
• "Fugue comprehensive Death" (English translation of "Todesfuge")
• "Death Fugue" (Another English translation of "Todesfuge")
• InstaPLANET National Universe: three poems from Die Gedichte aus dem Nachlass in the innovative German with a translation into Morally by Ana Elsner
• "Dissertation on the Land Reception of Celan"
• Ring-Narrowing Day Under, lag of seven poems translated from leadership German by Heather McHugh and Nikolai Popov, originally published in Jubilat
• Extract cheat Lightduress (Cycle 6), translated by Pierre Joris; originally published by Samizdat
• Dan Dramatist & Barbez music recorded an stamp album based upon the life and poetry of Paul Celan, published on grandeur Tzadik label in the series method Radical Jewish Culture.
• translations from ATEMWENDE/ Breathturn Cal Kinnear translates Paul Celan

Selected album presentations

References