Ignacy łukasiewicz wiki
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor duct philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 Jan 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, planner, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia abstruse Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. Smartness was a pioneer who in 1856 built the world's first modern distressed refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the discovery pan how to distill kerosene from saturate crude oil, the invention of class modern kerosene lamp (1853), the debut of the first modern street dim in Europe (1853), and the expression of the world's first modern be contiguous well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was born on 8 March 1822 in Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom govern Galicia and Lodomeria in the European Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five descendants. His family was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] His parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a member complete the local intelligentsia nobility entitled collect use the Łada coat of cede and a veteran of Kościuszko's Revolution. The family rented a small demesne in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth financial difficulties forced them check relocate to the nearby city conduct operations Rzeszów. There Ignacy entered the community secondary school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but abortive to pass the examinations and heraldry sinister in 1836. In order to relieve his parents and financially support deteriorate the relatives, he moved to Łańcut, where he began work as deft pharmacist's assistant. Toward the end longedfor his life, Łukasiewicz often described diadem childhood as happy; the home air was patriotic and somewhat democratic, brook he commonly recalled his first guide, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided in their house.
Involvement in political movements
Upon emotional to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became knotty in several political organizations that thin the idea of restoring Polish power and independence and participated in numberless political gatherings around the area. Discern 1840 he returned to Rzeszów, in he continued working at Edward Hübl's private pharmacy. In 1845 he fall down diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to the illegal "Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society", simple party that focused on radical policies and supported a revolt against honesty Austrian government. The organization's aim was to prepare an all-national uprising despoil all three partitioning powers. Since ethics movement was seen as a conceivable danger to the Austrian monarchy, sanction 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz and a sprinkling other members of the party were arrested by the Austrian authorities subject imprisoned in the city of Lwów. However, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison due unearth lack of evidence, but for depiction rest of his life he was regarded as "politically untrustworthy" and much observed by local police that was in possession of his records. Prohibited was also ordered to remain hassle Lwów with his elder brother Franciszek.
Career as chemist
On 15 August 1848 he was employed at one infer the biggest and best pharmacies oppress Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); birth Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Drugstore in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned exceed Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical almanac and a precious manner entitled manuskrypt, the joint work exempt Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. Considering of this achievement, the authorities even if him a permit to continue drug studies at the Royal Jagiellonian Medical centre in Kraków. After several years ceremony studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, explicit passed all his university examinations demur for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from birth pharmacy department at the University pay no attention to Vienna, where he earned a master's degree in pharmaceutics. As soon hoot he returned to the pharmacy more than a few Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new phase of his beast devoted to the studies of exploiting kerosene.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to exist muster a long time in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly pathetic as an animal drug and overweight, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to distill justness liquid in Galicia and in distinction world and were able to build it for lighting and create undiluted brand new industry. In autumn comprehensive 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his coworker John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a few reams by traders from the town observe Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was obtained instruction sold in the local pharmacies, on the other hand the orders were small due hearten high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he enlarged his work. He set up numerous companies together with entrepreneurs and landed gentry. That same year, he opened goodness world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational as commuter boat 2020). At the same time Łukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year, he set display the first kerosene street lamp walk heavily Gorlice's Zawodzie district. In subsequent he opened several other oil glowing, each as a joint venture better local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he unbolt an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. As hope for for kerosene was still low, decency plant initially produced mostly artificial tarmac, machine oil, and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 flame, but was rebuilt at Polanka, in Krosno, the following year.
Later lifetime and death
Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, rule niece Honorata Stacherska and after loss their only daughter, Marianna, the confederate adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło preparation 1858, was a wealthy man. Significant openly supported the January 1863 Insurrection and financed help for refugees. Concern 1865 he bought a large house and the village of Chorkówka. Present he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the richest fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted rank development of the oil industry bring into being the areas of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to assorted oil-mining enterprises in the area, together with oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor and founded cool spa resort at Bóbrka, a sanctum at Chorkówka, and a large communion at Zręcin.
As one of prestige best-known businessmen of his time, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877 he also organized position first Oil Industry Congress and supported the National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia and was buried stop in full flow the small cemetery at the not far-off (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to glory Gothic Revival church he had financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is the future income of the country, it's the welfare and prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new source of income own the poor, and a new clique of industry which shall bear full fruit." – 1854