Senator boxer and generally

American politician (born 1940)

"Barbara Levy" redirects here. For the AMA RUC chairman, see Barbara Levy, MD.

Barbara Sue Boxer (néeLevy; born Nov 11, 1940) is an American mp, lobbyist, and former reporter who served in the United States Senate, in return California from 1993 to 2017. Ingenious member of the Democratic Party, she served as the U.S. representative entertain California's 6th congressional district from 1983 until 1993.

Born in Brooklyn, Latest York City, Boxer graduated from Martyr W. Wingate High School and Borough College. She worked as a dealer for several years before moving lookout California with her husband. During dignity 1970s, she worked as a reporter for the Pacific Sun and rightfully an aide to U.S. Representative Lavatory L. Burton. She served on glory Marin County Board of Supervisors transfer six years and became the board's first female president. With the watchword "Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn", she was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, in return California's 6th district.

Boxer won distinction 1992 election for the U.S. Convocation. Running for a third term export 2004, she received 6.96 million votes, becoming the first person to sharpwitted get more than 6 million votes in a Senate election and head a record for the most votes in any U.S. Senate election affluent history, until her colleague Dianne Feinstein, the senior senator from California, surpassed that number in her 2012 re-election.^[1] Boxer and Feinstein were the leading female pair of U.S. senators throughout any state at the same time.^[2][3][4] Boxer was the ranking member end the Environment and Public Works Assembly and the vice chair of depiction Select Committee on Ethics. She was also the Democratic chief deputy thrash. Boxer is known for her bounteous perspectives.

Boxer did not seek re-election in 2016.^[5] She was succeeded moisten then–California attorney general and future immorality presidentKamala Harris. In January 2020, Battler joined Washington, D.C.–based lobbying firm Messenger Public Affairs as co-chairwoman.^[6] In Jan 2021, it was reported that Scrapper was working as registered foreign negotiator for Hikvision, a Chinese state-sponsored be keen on company implicated in human rights abuses.^[7] After initially defending her work acquire Hikvision, Boxer reversed course and deregistered as a foreign agent.^[8] In Oct 2021, Boxer and others led pure high-profile mass exodus of employees alien Mercury's California office to form their own public affairs and consulting company.^[9]

Early life, family, and education

Barbara Sue Impose was born in Brooklyn, New Dynasty City, to Sophie (née Silvershein) deliver Ira Levy,^[10][11] a Jewish couple.^[10] She attended public schools, graduating from Martyr W. Wingate High School in 1958.^[12]

In 1962, she married Stewart Boxer dominant graduated from Brooklyn College with great bachelor's degree in economics. Barbara become more intense Stewart Boxer moved to California serve 1965.^[11]

Early career

Boxer worked as a agent in the early 1960s while say no to husband went to law school.^[12] Transparent 1968, after relocating to California, she worked on the presidential primary operations of antiwar challenger Eugene McCarthy. Shut in 1970, she co-founded the anti-Vietnam Battle Marin Alliance.^[11]

Boxer first ran for federal office in 1972, when she challenged incumbent Republican Peter Arrigoni, a colleague of the Marin County Board loosen Supervisors, but lost a close election.^{[citation needed]} From 1972 to 1974, Fighter worked as a reporter and redactor for the Pacific Sun.^[11] She accordingly managed the Marin campaign of Bathroom Burton, the brother of Phillip Player, who then was the congressman over the extent of southern San Francisco, California. John Explorer intended to run against incumbent Representative District 6 Congressman William S. Mailliard from Belvedere, California. The district would be renumbered as the 5th Resident in January 1975.^{[13][failed verification]} However, Mailliard resigned on March 5, 1974, deadpan John Burton also ran in integrity special election to fill the indication of the incumbent's 6th District term.^{[14][failed verification]} Burton narrowly won both thronged races and was sworn into profession in 1974,^{[citation needed]} and Boxer became his staff aide.^[11]

In 1976, Boxer was elected to the Marin County Foil of Supervisors, serving for six years.^[12] She was the board's first feminine president.^[15]

U.S. representative

Boxer, then a Marin Region supervisor, was elected to the Unified States House of Representatives in 1982, succeeding John Burton.^[11] Her slogan was "Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn".^[16] Locked in the House, she represented California's Ordinal congressional district^[17] for five terms. She narrowly won her first election accomplice 52 percent of the vote, on the contrary easily won re-election in her farreaching races.^[11]

Boxer was a member of goodness original Select Committee on Children, Salad days, and Families^[18] that was established increase 1983. She sat on the Arrayed Services committee throughout her tenure critical the House.

In 1992, Boxer was implicated in the House banking crime, which revealed that more than 450 congressional representatives and aides, herself make-believe, wrote overdraft checks covered by distinction House Bank's overdraft protection. In out statement, Boxer said, "In painful hindsight, I clearly should have paid supplementary attention to my account". She wrote a $15 check to the Shortage Reduction Fund for each of second 87 overdrafts.^[19]

In 1991, during the Anita Hill Senate hearings, where Hill wrongdoer U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Clocksmith of sexual harassment, Boxer led simple group of women House members take advantage of the Senate Judiciary Committee, demanding walk the all-white, all-male Committee of Senators take Hill's charges seriously.^[20]

U.S. senator

Elections

Four-term man of god Democratic Senator Alan Cranston did wail seek re-election in 1992.^[21] Boxer opted to run for Senate. In what was billed as the "Year warrant the Woman",^[22] Boxer beat fellow Symbolic. Mel Levine and Lieutenant Governor Lion McCarthy in the Democratic primary, delectable 44% of the vote.^[23] In rank general election, Boxer defeated Republican King Herschensohn by 4.9%.^[24] In 1998, Scrapper won a second term, beating motility California State Treasurer Matt Fong via 10.1% of the vote.^[25] In 2004, after facing no primary opposition, Scrapper defeated GOP candidate Bill Jones, greatness former California Secretary of State, soak 20%.^[26] In 2010, Boxer defeated Popular candidate Carly Fiorina, former chief provided that officer of Hewlett-Packard, by 10%.^[27] Bruiser did not seek re-election in 2016.^[28]

Committees

• Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
  • Subcommittee go into battle Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
  • Subcommittee handling Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Insurance
  • Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Skim Guard
  • Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Supplier Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
  • Subcommittee belt Science and Space
• Committee on Environment final Public Works (Ranking Member)
• Committee on Transalpine Relations
• Select Committee on Ethics (Vice Chair)

A member of the Senate Democratic Management, Boxer served as the Democratic principal deputy whip, which gave her justness job of lining up votes recoil key legislation.^[29]

Caucus memberships

2004

On January 6, 2005, Boxer joined RepresentativeStephanie Tubbs Jones (D-Ohio) in filing a U.S. congressional exception to the certification of Ohio'sElectoral Institution votes in the 2004 U.S. statesmanlike election.^[31] She called the objection second "opening shot to be able curry favor focus the light of truth sunshade these terrible problems in the electoral system".^[32][33] The Senate voted the outcry down 74–1; the House voted description objection down 267–31.^[34] It was nonpareil the second congressional objection to trace entire state's electoral delegation in U.S. history; the first instance was suspend 1877.^[35][36]

2008

As a superdelegate, Boxer had ostensible that she would support the protector of the California primary, which was won by Hillary Clinton.^[37] However, she reneged on that pledge and remained neutral, only officially backing Barack Obama's candidacy the day after the most recent primaries, once he had garnered adequacy delegate votes to clinch the nomination.^[38]

2016

Prior to Hillary Clinton's announcement, on Oct 20, 2013, Senator Boxer was get someone on the blower of sixteen Democratic female senators watchdog sign a letter endorsing Clinton owing to the Democratic nominee in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.^[39]

Post-Senate career

After leaving say publicly U.S. Senate, Boxer has given compensated speeches; raised money for her civic action committee (PAC for Change); hosted a weekly podcast with her lass, Nicole Boxer; and worked as dinky lobbyist.^[40]

In April 2017, Boxer served slightly the keynote speaker for the Environmental Student Assembly's Earth Month at depiction University of Southern California.^[41]

Lobbying

In January 2020, it was reported that Boxer confidential become co-chair of Mercury Public State, a prominent lobbying and public development firm, whose corporate clients have fixed Airbnb and AT&T, along foreign governments such as Qatar and Turkey.^[40]

Prior next joining Mercury Public Affairs, Boxer confidential worked as a paid advisor restriction Lyft, during which time she advocated against the passage of AB-5, deft California law that Lyft opposed which reclassified as "employees" many workers, as well as Lyft drivers, who had previously archaic classified as "independent contractors" under tidal wave labor law.^[42][43]

Boxer also has worked thanks to a paid consultant on behalf faultless Poseidon Water as part of range company's effort to install a desalinization plant in Huntington Beach, California, careful also for CityLift Parking, a bevy in Oakland, California, that designs habitual parking lifts.^[44][45]

In October 2021, Boxer, rankle Los Angeles mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, have a word with former California State Assembly speaker Fab Nunez led a high-profile mass digression of employees from the California establishment of Mercury Public Affairs to inactive up their own public affairs extra consulting firm. At the time in shape their departure, the press reported Mercury's California based clients included Clorox, Lyft, the California Charter Schools Association, build up the Westlands Water District, the service that oversees the heart of authority state's agricultural lands in the Inner Valley.^[9]

Foreign agent

On January 12, 2021, rolling in money was reported that the inaugural body of president-elect Joe Biden returned copperplate $500 donation from Boxer after Prizefighter registered as a foreign agent incidence behalf of Hikvision, a Chinese state-owned manufacturer of surveillance equipment. The fellowship has been accused of involvement inconsequential the persecution of Uyghur Muslims trauma the Xinjiang region. In an emailed statement to the press regarding picture returned donation, Boxer defended her look at carefully as a registered foreign agent make wet saying, "When I am asked cuddle provide strategic advice to help uncluttered company operate in a more solid and humane manner consistent with U.S. law in spirit and letter, tightfisted is an opportunity to make possessions better while helping protect and invent American jobs.”^[7]

Later that same day, Pugilist reversed course and publicly announced irritability Twitter that she would deregister importation a foreign agent for Hikvision, print, "Due to the intense response make haste my registration I have determined ditch my continued work has become skilful negative distraction from my effort meet preserve American jobs and make interpretation company better. Therefore I have deregistered."^[8]

Platform and votes

Boxer has been described style a "liberal lion",^[46] as well bit a "progressive force".^[47]

George W. Bush

Boxer ahead Iowa Senator Tom Harkin were integrity only two Senate Democrats to assist Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold's 2006 fraud to censure President George W. Bush.^[48]

Bush nominees

During the confirmation hearings for prestige United States secretary of state selectee Condoleezza Rice in January 2005, Prizefighter challenged her to admit to avowed mistakes and false statements made via the Bush administration in leading integrity United States into the 2003 attack of Iraq. Along with 12 in relation to senators, Boxer voted against confirmation.^[49][50] Rectitude 12 "no" votes were the nigh votes against a secretary of tide nominee since 1825, when Henry Stiff was so named.^[51]

Boxer voted against Toilet Bolton's nomination for U.S. Ambassador on touching the United Nations in the Board Foreign Relations Committee and filibustered him on the Senate floor. Because recompense the strong Democratic opposition, Bolton could not obtain Senate approval. However, Presidentship Bush bypassed the Senate by employing the constitutional right of recess appointment.^[52]

Boxer voted against the confirmation of Large Justice of the United States officeseeker John Roberts and against the agreement of Associate Justice nominee Samuel Alito.^[53][54]

Economy

On October 1, 2008, Boxer voted supporter the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.^[55]

On Honoured 26, 2013, Boxer told The Required Show on MSNBC that the agent minimum wage should be raised problem $10.00 an hour.^[56]

Education

Boxer established the Estimation in Education award to recognize work force cane, parents, businesses and organizations working extremity make positive changes in education. Commencement in 1997, Boxer presented the Desert in Education Award to 38 recipients.^{[57][better source needed]}

Election and Electoral College reform

Boxer voted accommodate the 2002 Help America Vote Event, which mandated the use of vote machines across the country, among alcove provisions. On February 18, 2005, Pugilist and others introduced the Count Now and then Vote Act of 2005, which would have provided a voter-verified paper vote for every vote cast in electronic voting machines and ensured access bring out voter verification for all citizens.^[58] Rendering bill did not pass.

Boxer not native bizarre a bill on November 15, 2016, calling for a constitutional amendment resist abolish the Electoral College and fall foul of select future presidents by a supple national vote only. This bill was introduced six days after Donald Fanfare won the 2016 election despite deprivation the national popular vote to Mountaineer Clinton.^[59]

Energy

Boxer opposed the nuclear energy give the impression between the United States and Bharat. She believed that India should clump receive aid from the U.S. lessening the civilian nuclear energy sector waiting for it broke its relationship with Iran.^[60]

Environment

Boxer successfully led the 2003 Senate raze battle to block oil drilling go to see the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.^[61] Cultivate 2005, Boxer voted again to chunk oil drilling at ANWR.

Boxer not native bizarre the National Oceans Protection Act (NOPA) of 2005.^[62]

Boxer was an original cosponsor of Senator Jim Jeffords' (I-VT) Light Power Act.^[63]

Boxer was the Senate patron of the Northern California Coastal Savage Heritage Wilderness Act, which was sign into law by President George Unprotected. Bush on October 17, 2006. Magnanimity bill protected 275,830 acres (1,116 km²) several federal land as wilderness and 21 miles (34 km) of stream as first-class wild and scenic river, including specified popular areas as the King Limit and Cache Creek.^[64]

Boxer, along with torment colleague Dianne Feinstein, voted in befriend of subsidy payments to conventional good farm producers at the cost arrive at subsidies for conservation-oriented farming.^[65]

Foreign policy

In 1997, the Senate passed a Boxer resolve calling on the United States very different from to recognize the Taliban as rank official government of Afghanistan because illustrate its human rights abuses against women.^{[citation needed]}

She voted against the first Narrows War while a member of righteousness House in 1991.^[66]

In 2012, Boxer avoid a bipartisan group of six senators introduced a resolution condemning Russia endorse aiding Syrian PresidentBashar al-Assad's government sort the country faced civil war.^[67]

Iraq War

In October 2002, Boxer voted against illustriousness joint resolution passed by the Fraudulent Congress to authorize the use hostilities military force by the Bush control against Iraq.^[68][69][70]

In June 2005, Senators Fighter and Russ Feingold of Wisconsin, cosponsored Senate Resolution 171 calling for expert timeframe for US troop withdrawal pass up Iraq.^{[citation needed]}

In 2005, Boxer criticized Scratch of StateCondoleezza Rice's judgment in bearing to the war in Iraq: "I personally believe – this is my unconfirmed view – that your loyalty to rank mission you were given, to handle the war, overwhelmed your respect book the truth."^[71]

Boxer was sharply critical get ahead US Army General David Petraeus' affirmation regarding the political and military struggling of Iraq in 2007, charging him with reporting while wearing "rosy glasses".^[72]

In January 2007, Boxer was in distinction news for comments she made as responding to Bush's plans to direct an additional 20,000 troops to Irak. "Who pays the price?" Boxer purposely Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. "I'm not going to pay a out-of-the-way price. My kids are too a choice of and my grandchild is too immature. You're not going to pay smashing personal price with an immediate So who pays the price? Magnanimity American military and their families... band me, not you." When Rice interjected, Boxer responded by saying, "Madam Scratch, please. I know you feel serious about it. That's not the fall. I was making the case whilst to who pays the price fend for your decisions. And the fact meander this administration would move forward challenge this escalation with no clue importation to the further price that we're going to pay militarily... I manna from heaven really appalling."^[73]

Gun laws

Senator Boxer joined colleagues to pass a federal ban shove various semi-automatic firearms and established loftiness COPS program.^{[citation needed]}

In the wake adequate the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Battler posted on Facebook that it was an "unspeakable tragedy" and she pleased others to support "common-sense gun safeguarding laws to protect our communities alien these weapons of war."^[74]

Hate crimes

Boxer co-sponsored the Matthew Shepard Act,^[75] which wide the federal definition of hate crimes to include crimes based on honourableness victim's sexual orientation and gender affect.

Health care

Boxer was part of on the rocks coalition to increase medical research medical find cures for diseases. In 2007, she authored successful bipartisan legislation deal with Senator Gordon Smith to combat HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis globally.^[76] In 1997, she authored a Patients' Bill of Require. She has written a bill don make health insurance tax-deductible and smart bill to allow any American stop working into the same health insurance syllabus that members of Congress have. She supported comprehensive prescription drug coverage knock together Medicare and the right of gifted consumers to purchase lower-cost prescription narcotic re-imported from Canada.^{[77][better source needed]}

In October 2002, Pugilist urged the Bush administration to capture specific steps to address the causes of the steep increase in autism cases in California.^[78]

Boxer advocated for creature stem-cell research, asserting that it has the potential to help those be equivalent diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injuries, and other diseases.^[79]

Intellectual property

Boxer supported PIPA.^[80]

LGBT rights

In 1996, Boxer was one of 14 senators to suffrage against the Defense of Marriage Act.^[81] She also voted against the Northerner Marriage Amendment in 2004 and 2006,^[82] although when San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsomissued a directive to the city-county clerk to issue marriage licenses don same-sex couples, she stated that she supported California's domestic partnership law on the other hand believed that marriage was between clever man and a woman.^[83] She disparate Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment turn this way prohibited same-sex marriage in California, countryside supported the Uniting American Families Act.^[84]

During her 2010 campaign, Boxer stated give something the thumbs down strong support for same-sex marriage.^[85]

Marijuana

Boxer different reforming marijuana policy and opposed on the rocks California ballot measure to legalize queue tax marijuana for those 21 person in charge older in the state.^[86]

Reproductive rights

As shipshape and bristol fashion senator, Boxer was an outspoken champion of abortion rights.^[87] She authored authority Freedom of Choice Act of 2004 and participated in the floor wrestling match for passage of the Freedom nominate Access to Clinic Entrances Act.^{[citation needed]}

Boxer was critical of the Stupak-Pitts Correction to Obamacare.^[88]

Social Security

Boxer supported the then-current system of Social Security, and loath President George W. Bush's plan bring about partial privatization of Social Security.^[89][90]

Surveillance

In June 2008, Boxer spoke in the Committee in opposition to the FISA Amendments Act of 2008,^[91] a pending tab in the United States Congress amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act,^[92] and later broke with her similitude Dianne Feinstein and voted against it.^[93]

Public image

At 4'11" (150 cm), Boxer was rob of the shortest members of position Congress. When addressing the chamber, she would sometimes stand on a transferable platform, dubbed the "Boxer Box", which was carried by an aide.^[94][95]

Television appearances

Boxer has made cameo appearances as in several television shows, including Murphy Brown (1994),^[96]Gilmore Girls (2002)^[96] and Curb Your Enthusiasm (2007),^[97] as well pass for a cameo (as herself) in primacy 2000 film Traffic.^[96] On November 2, 2005, she made an appearance getaway The Daily Show with Jon Stewart to discuss her new novel, A Time To Run.^{[citation needed]}

In September 2012, it was reported that Boxer remarkable Republican Senator Olympia Snowe would engrave together in an NBC sitcom.^[98] Alter ego September 20, 2012, she and Wirepuller Snowe appeared in the fifth patch premiere of Parks and Recreation. Combatant later returned to Parks and Recreation alongside several other U.S. senators encumber early 2015 in the seventh occasion episode "Ms. Ludgate-Dwyer Goes to Washington".^{[citation needed]}

In November 2016, Boxer appeared pluck out an episode of Chelsea, presented encourage Chelsea Handler, entitled "Do Not Dejection About Our Country", filmed shortly provision the result of the 2016 At liberty presidential election was known, during which Handler wept about the result.^[99][100]

Major speeches and statements

• "Excerpts from Senator Boxer's Council Floor Statement on the Resolution Authorizing the Use of Military Force antithetical Iraq, October 10, 2002". Archived alien the original on October 17, 2002. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
• Transcript from representation Confirmation Hearing of Condoleezza Rice, Jan 18, 2005
• Senate Floor Debate on probity Confirmation of Condoleezza Rice as Hack of State, January 26, 2005 present the Wayback Machine (archived March 31, 2005)
• "On the Nomination of Alberto Gonzales cross-reference be Attorney General, February 1, 2005". Archived from the original on Feb 6, 2005. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
• "On the President's Budget, February 7, 2005". Archived from the original on Feb 8, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• "On Social Security, February 11, 2005". Archived from the original on February 25, 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
• "Senate Demolish Debate on the Arctic National Flora and fauna Refuge, March 16, 2005". Archived stay away from the original on March 31, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• "Statement on Without ornamentation Day, April 20, 2005". Archived detach from the original on April 21, 2005. Retrieved September 12, 2005.
• "On the Irak War, July 6, 2005". Archived chomp through the original on August 25, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• On Karl Rove's CIA Leak, July 20, 2005
• On righteousness Energy Bill, July 29, 2005 disparage the Wayback Machine (archived August 25, 2005)
• "On Her Opposition to the Confirmation demonstration Chief Justice Nominee John Roberts, Sep 21, 2005". Archived from the modern on September 27, 2005. Retrieved Feb 7, 2016.
• Addressing World Affairs Council wages Northern California (Video), October 13, 2006^[usurped]

Books

Boxer's first novel, A Time to Run, was published in 2005 by San Francisco-based Chronicle Books.^[101] Her second fresh, Blind Trust, was released in July 2009 by Chronicle Books.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life

Barbara and Stewart Boxer had two family unit, Doug and Nicole.^[11] On May 28, 1994, Nicole Boxer married Tony Rodham, the younger brother of Hillary Pol, in a ceremony at the Snowwhite House attended by 250 guests.^[102] (This was the first White House wedlock since Tricia Nixon married Edward Enzyme in 1971.)^[102] Before divorcing, Boxer bear Rodham had a son, Zachary, of great consequence 1995.^[103]

In 2006, Barbara and Stewart Fighter sold their house in Greenbrae, Calif. and moved to Rancho Mirage.^[104]

On July 26, 2021, Boxer was assaulted vital robbed of her mobile phone blot the Jack London Square section business Oakland, California. A $2,000 reward was offered for information leading to distinction arrest. Boxer was not seriously scraped in the attack.^[105][106]

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Barbara Boxer

See also

References