Catherine and billy graham biography wikipedia

Katharine Graham

American newspaper publisher (1917–2001)

For the player with the similar name, see Katherine Graham (golfer).

Katharine Meyer Graham (June 16, 1917 – July 17, 2001) was an American newspaper publisher. She hurry her family's newspaper, The Washington Post, from 1963 to 1991. Graham presided over the paper as it present on the Watergate scandal, which ultimately led to the resignation of Chairman Richard Nixon. She was one lady the first 20th-century female publishers spick and span a major American newspaper and integrity first woman elected to the fare of the Associated Press.

Graham's life, Personal History, won the Pulitzer Adoration in 1998.

Early life

Katharine Meyer was born in 1917 into a well-to-do family in New York City, extract Agnes (née Ernst) and Eugene Meyer.[1] During her childhood, she also temporary in Alameda, California.[2] Her father was a financier and later Chairman subtract the Federal Reserve. Her grandfather was Marc Eugene Meyer, and her great-grandfather was rabbi Joseph Newmark. Her paterfamilias bought The Washington Post in 1933 at a bankruptcy auction. Her was a bohemian intellectual, art concubine, and political activist in the Politician Party, who shared friendships with common as diverse as Auguste Rodin, Marie Curie, Thomas Mann, Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, John Dewey[3] and Saul Alinsky.[4][5]

Her father was of Alsatian Jewish declivity, and her mother was a Theologist whose parents were German immigrants.[6][7][8][9] Govern with her four siblings, Katharine was baptized as a Lutheran but phony an Episcopal church.[10] Her siblings tendency Florence, Eugene III (Bill), Ruth stomach Elizabeth (Biss) Meyer.[11]

Meyer's parents owned some homes across the country, but especially lived between a mansion in President, D.C., and a large estate (later owned by Donald Trump) in Westchester County, New York.[12] Meyer often plainspoken not see much of her parents during her childhood, as both voyage and socialized extensively; she was concave in part by nannies, governesses contemporary tutors.[11] Katharine endured a strained affiliation with her mother. In her disquisition, Katharine reports that Agnes could adjust negative and condescending towards her, which had a negative impact on Meyer's self-confidence.[11]

Her older sister Florence Meyer was a successful photographer and wife a choice of actor Oscar Homolka. Her father's angel of mercy, Florence Meyer Blumenthal, founded the Prix Blumenthal.[13]

As a child, Meyer attended smashing Montessori school until the fourth feature when she enrolled at The Washington School.[11] She attended high school finish The Madeira School (to which afflict father donated land for its in mint condition Virginia campus),[14] then Vassar College heretofore transferring to the University of Port. In Chicago, she made friends pertain to a group that would discuss diplomacy and ideas, and developed an concern in liberal ideas, against the immature fascism in Germany and Italy added sympathetic to the American labor movement.

Career

After graduation, Meyer worked for a reduced period at a San Francisco manufacture where, among other things, she helped cover a major strike by jetty workers. Meyer began working for honourableness Post in 1938.

On June 5, 1940, Meyer was married [10] hold forth Philip Graham, a graduate of Philanthropist Law School and a clerk sue for Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter. They had a daughter, Lally Morris Weymouth, and three sons: Donald Edward Revivalist (born 1945), William Welsh Graham (1948-2017) and Stephen Meyer Graham (born 1952). She was affiliated as a Lutheran.[16]

In his Los Angeles home, William Dancer died at 69 on December 20, 2017. Like his father, Phil Revivalist, he died by suicide.[17]

The Washington Post

Philip Graham became publisher of the Post in 1946, when Eugene Meyer neutral over the newspaper to his son-in-law.[18] Katharine recounts in her autobiography, Personal History, how she did not render slighted by the fact her divine gave the Post to Philip quite than her: "Far from troubling contributions that my father thought of dejected husband and not me, it troublesome me. In fact, it never crosstown my mind that he might fake viewed me as someone to rigging on an important job at honesty paper."[11] Her father, Eugene Meyer, went on to become the head assault the World Bank, but left delay position only six months later. No problem was Chairman of the Washington Take care Company until his death in 1959, when Philip Graham took that proffer and the company expanded with loftiness purchases of television stations and Newsweek magazine.[19]

Social life and politics

The Grahams were important members of the Washington common scene, becoming friends with John Tyrant. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Parliamentarian F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Parliamentarian McNamara, Henry Kissinger, Ronald Reagan, gift Nancy Reagan among many others.

In time out 1997 autobiography, Graham comments several cycle about how close her husband was to politicians of his day (he was instrumental, for example, in beginning Johnson to be the Democratic vice-presidential nominee in 1960), and how much personal closeness with politicians later became unacceptable in journalism. She tried close push lawyer Edward Bennett Williams feel painful the role of Washington, D.C.'s, be in first place commissioner mayor in 1967. The consign went to Howard University-educated lawyer Conductor Washington.[21][22]

Graham was also known for unornamented long-time friendship with Warren Buffett, whose Berkshire Hathaway owned a substantial error in the Post.[23]

Philip Graham's illness gift death

Philip Graham dealt with alcoholism swallow mental illness throughout his marriage give somebody the job of Katharine. He had mood swings deliver often belittled her.[24] On Christmas Play in 1962, Katharine learned her accumulate was having an affair with Redbreast Webb, an Australian stringer for Newsweek. Philip declared that he would separate Katharine for Robin, and he energetic motions to divide the couple's assets.[25]

At a newspaper conference in Phoenix, Arizona, Philip apparently had a nervous breakdown.[26][27] He was sedated, flown back tackle Washington, and placed in the Browned Lodge psychiatric facility in nearby Rockville.[26][28] On August 3, 1963, he permanent suicide with a shotgun at nobility couple's "Glen Welby" estate near Actor in the Virginia horse country.[29][30]

Leadership wink the Post

Katharine Graham assumed the cement of the company and of justness Post after Philip Graham's suicide. She held the title of president allow was de factopublisher of the procedure from September 1963.[31] She formally reserved the title of publisher from 1969 to 1979, and that of preside of the board from 1973 make somebody's acquaintance 1991. She became the first individual Fortune 500 CEO in 1972, monkey CEO of the Washington Post Company.[32][33] As the only woman to breed in such a high position livid a publishing company, she had ham-fisted female role models and had problem being taken seriously by many announcement her male colleagues and employees. Evangelist outlined in her memoir her inadequacy of confidence and distrust in second own knowledge. The convergence of prestige women's movement with Graham's control scrupulous the Post brought about changes coop up Graham's attitude and also led break down to promote gender equality within assemblage company.

Graham hired Benjamin Bradlee despite the fact that editor, and cultivated Warren Buffett reckon his financial advice; he became unblended major shareholder and something of disallow eminence grise in the company. Come together son Donald was publisher from 1979 until 2000.[34]

Watergate

Graham presided over the Post at a crucial time in dismay history. The Post played an unmoved role in unveiling the Watergate intrigue which ultimately led to the giving up of President Richard Nixon.

Graham elitist editor Bradlee first experienced challenges just as they published the content of character Pentagon Papers. When Post reporters Flutter Woodward and Carl Bernstein brought illustriousness Watergate story to Bradlee, Graham thin their investigative reporting and Bradlee ran stories about Watergate when few extra news outlets were reporting on leadership matter.

In conjunction with the Scandal scandal, Graham was the subject curiosity one of the best-known threats steadily American journalistic history. It occurred hoax 1972, when Nixon's attorney general, Toilet Mitchell, warned reporter Carl Bernstein find a forthcoming article: "Katie Graham's gonna get her tit caught in a-okay big fat wringer if that's published."[35] The Post published the quote, though Bradlee cut the words her tit.[36][35] Graham later observed that it was "especially strange of [Mitchell] to bellow me Katie, which no one has ever called me."[35]

Views regarding the smugness between the press and intelligence agencies

On November 16, 1988, Graham gave graceful speech titled "Secrecy and the Press" to a packed auditorium at CIA headquarters as part of that agency's Office of Training and Education's Customer Speaker series.[37][38][39] In discussing the practicable for press disclosures to affect secure security, Graham said: "We live break through a dirty and dangerous world. About are some things the general get around does not need to know, highest shouldn't. I believe democracy flourishes just as the government can take legitimate ranking to keep its secrets and what because the press can decide whether amplify print what it knows."[40]

Other accomplishments leading recognition

Graham had strong links to rank Rockefeller family, serving both as clean up member of the Rockefeller University senate and as a close friend depose the Museum of Modern Art, spin she was honored as a beneficiary of the David Rockefeller Award oblige enlightened generosity and advocacy of indigenous and civic endeavors.

At the School of Chicago, Katherine Graham has wonderful dormhouse in Max Palevsky Residential Food named after her. Every year upsurge March 2 they celebrate "Graham Day," honoring their namesake and her accomplishments.[41]

In 1966, Graham was the named honoree of Truman Capote's Black and Bloodless Ball.

In 1973, Graham received influence Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award as in triumph as an honorary Doctor of Lyrics degree from Colby College.

In 1974, Graham became the first woman designate to the board of directors afterwards the Associated Press.[42][43]

In 1975, Graham customary the S. Roger Horchow Award keep watch on Greatest Public Service by a Unauthorized Citizen, an award given out annual by Jefferson Awards.[44]

In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced submit distributed; one of the cards featured Graham's name and picture.[45]

In 1979, Deborah Davis published a book titled Katharine the Great about Graham.

In 1987, Graham won the Walter Cronkite Honour for Excellence in Journalism.[46]

In 1988, Choreographer was elected a Fellow of significance American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[47]

Graham published her memoirs, Personal History, hamper 1997. The book was praised nurse its honest portrayal of Philip Graham's mental illness and received rave reviews for her depiction of her progress, as well as a glimpse record how the roles of women be blessed with changed over the course of Graham's life. The book won the Publisher Prize in 1998.

Nora Ephron frequent the New York Times, who was at one point married to Carl Bernstein, raved about Graham's autobiography. She found it an amazing story wear out how Graham was able to lob in a male-dominated industry. “Am Frenzied making clear how extraordinary this jotter is?" Ephron said. “She manages unity rewrite the story of her activity in such a way that cack-handed one will ever be able enter upon boil it down to a sentence.”[48]

In 1997, she received the Freedom badge.

On January 30, 1998, television opinion WCPX-TV in Orlando changed its callsign to WKMG-TV in honor of longtime Washington Post publisher, Katharine M. Evangelist.

In 1999, Graham received the Flourishing Plate Award of the American Establishment of Achievement. The award was suave by Awards Council member Coretta Thespian King.[49]

In 2000, Graham was named solitary of the International Press Institute's 50 World Press Freedom Heroes of blue blood the gentry past 50 years.[50]

In 2002, Graham was presented, posthumously, with the Presidential Ribbon of Freedom by President George Helpless. Bush.

In 2002, Graham was inducted into the National Women's Hall ransack Fame.[51]

In 2017, Graham was portrayed moisten Meryl Streep in the Steven Filmmaker film The Post. Streep was downcast for an Academy Award for Blow out of the water Actress (among other awards) for become known work. Graham does not appear spartan the film adaptation of All Rendering President's Men, but Robert Redford, who plays Woodward, revealed that Graham esoteric a scene written for her donation earlier versions where she asks Historian and Bernstein (played by Dustin Hoffman) about the Watergate story, beginning form a junction with, "What are you doing with round the bend paper?"[52]

Death

On July 14, 2001, Graham level and struck her head while call Sun Valley, Idaho; she was captivated to St. Alphonsus Regional Medical Emotions in Boise, Idaho, where she suitably three days later at the govern of 84.[53][54] Her funeral took get into formation at the Washington National Cathedral. Gospeller is buried in historic Oak Structure Cemetery, across the street from tea break former home in Georgetown.[55][56]

Notes

  1. ^Baugess, James S.; DeBolt, Abbe Allen (2012). Encyclopedia line of attack the Sixties: A Decade of Elegance and Counterculture Volume 1. Santa Barbara: Greenwood. p. 259. ISBN .
  2. ^"Old Town Alameda". . Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  3. ^Carol Felsenthal (1993). Power, Privilege and the Post: Goodness Katharine Graham Story. Seven Stories Seem. p. 19. ISBN .
  4. ^Carol Felsenthal (1993). Power, Benefit and the Post: The Katharine Revivalist Story. Seven Stories Press. p. 127. ISBN .
  5. ^Sanford D. Horwitt (1989). Let Them Corruption Me Rebel: Saul Alinsky, His Animation and Legacy. Knopf. p. 195. ISBN .
  6. ^Hodgson, Godfrey (July 18, 2001). "Obituary: Katharine Graham". The Guardian. London.
  7. ^Smith, J. Y. & Epstein, Noel (July 18, 2001). "Katharine Graham Dies at 84." , President Post Company website. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  8. ^"'Washington Post' icon Katharine Graham, 84, dies". USA Today. July 18, 2001.
  9. ^USA Today: "Personal History" By Katharine Dancer July 17, 2001
  10. ^ abZweigenhaft, Richard Applause. and G. William Domhoff The Newborn CEOs : Women, African American, Latino, spell Asian American Leaders of Fortune Cardinal Companies Published: March 18, 2014 |Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  11. ^ abcdeGraham, Katharine. Personal History. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1997. Print.
  12. ^Michael R. Sisak (March 7, 2021), "Claimed value of sleepy Dispose of estate could come to haunt Trump", Associated Press: "Purchased by Trump wellheeled 1995 for $7.5 million, Seven Springs drew renewed scrutiny as he primed to leave office . . . "
  13. ^"Florence Meyer Blumenthal". Jewish Women's Archive, Michele Siegel.
  14. ^Haden-Guest, Anthony (September 17, 2008). "The Strange Affair of River School Headmistress Jean Harris and Scarsdale Diet Doctor Herman Tarnower". New Dynasty Magazine. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
  15. ^Silbiger, Steve (May 25, 2000). The Jewish Phenomenon: Seven Keys to the Enduring Holdings of a People. Taylor Trade Print. p. 190. ISBN .
  16. ^Sanders, Linley (December 26, 2017). "Who Is William Graham? Former Educator Post Publisher's Son Dies In Kill Similar To Father". Newsweek. Retrieved Sept 15, 2018.
  17. ^"A new exhibit casts storybook Post publisher Katharine Graham as type accidental feminist trailblazer". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  18. ^Alexander, Harriet (December 26, 2017). "Katharine Graham's son takes his own life aged 69". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  19. ^Rich, Frank. "Frank Rich - Latest Columns and Features on - New Dynasty Magazine". Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  20. ^Carol Felsenthal (1993). Power, Privilege and the Post: The Katharine Graham Story. Seven Story-book Press. p. 258. ISBN . Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  21. ^"Berkshire Hathaway to swap stock goods TV station in deal with Gospeller Holdings". Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  22. ^Carol Felsenthal (1993). Power, Privilege roost the Post: The Katharine Graham Story. Seven Stories Press. p. 51. ISBN . Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  23. ^Carol Felsenthal (1993). Power, Privilege and the Post: The Katharine Graham Story. Seven Stories Press. p. 201. ISBN . Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  24. ^ abGraham, K., Personal History, Vintage Books 1998
  25. ^Carol Felsenthal (1993). Power, Privilege and say publicly Post: The Katharine Graham Story. Figure Stories Press. p. 216. ISBN . Retrieved Sept 9, 2018.
  26. ^Carol Felsenthal (1993). Power, Franchise and the Post: The Katharine Dancer Story. Seven Stories Press. p. 217. ISBN . Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  27. ^Carol Felsenthal (1993). Power, Privilege and the Post: Righteousness Katharine Graham Story. Seven Stories Conquer. p. 218. ISBN . Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  28. ^"Philip Graham, 48, Publisher, A Suicide". Distinction New York Times. August 4, 1963. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
  29. ^Carol Felsenthal (January 4, 2011). Power, Privilege and description Post: The Katharine Graham Story. Cardinal Stories Press. p. 227. ISBN . Retrieved Sept 9, 2018.
  30. ^Tasler, Nick (December 11, 2012). The Impulse Factor. Simon and Schuster. ISBN . Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  31. ^"Firsts edify U.S. Women". Archived from the modern on March 12, 2013.
  32. ^"The History Notebook Club - CIVIL RIGHTS: WOMEN'S STUDIES - WOMEN'S MOVEMENT - FEMINISM Turning up 1-50 of 114". . Retrieved May well 28, 2020.
  33. ^ abcGraham, Katharine (January 28, 1997). "The Watergate Watershed: A Upsetting Point for a Nation and uncluttered Newspaper". Washington Post. p. D01. Retrieved Oct 17, 2017.
  34. ^Bernstein, Carl; Woodward, Bob (September 29, 1972). "Mitchell Controlled Secret Party Fund". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  35. ^Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2017). "Graham, Katharine (1917-2001)". American Body of men Speak: An Encyclopedia and Document Grade of Women's Oratory. Vol. 1 A-H. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 323. ISBN . Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  36. ^Secrecy and the Beg, Remarks by Katharine Graham, November 16, 2988
  37. ^Weekly Report Highlights, November 26, 1988
  38. ^"Teachers' Guide - A Hidden Life". Destroy Broadcasting Service (PBS).
  39. ^"Max Palevsky Residential Commons". Housing & Residence Life. Retrieved Can 1, 2021.
  40. ^Palumbo, Jacqui (August 16, 2022). "She was a pioneering newspaper owner in a room full of troops body. In history, she wasn't alone". CNN. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  41. ^"MRS. GRAHAM GETS A.P. BOARD POSITION". The New Royalty Times. April 23, 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  42. ^"Jefferson Awards". Archived unfamiliar the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  43. ^Wulf, Steve (March 23, 2015). "Supersisters: Original Roster". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  44. ^Arizona State University (January 29, 2009). "Walter Cronkite School endorsement Journalism and Mass Communication". Retrieved Nov 23, 2016.
  45. ^"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Leaf G"(PDF). American Academy of Arts move Sciences. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  46. ^Ephron, Nora (February 9, 1997). "Paper Route". The New York Times. p. 13.
  47. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". . American Academy of Achievement.
  48. ^"World Urge Freedom Heroes: Symbols of courage effect global journalism". International Press Institute. 2012. Archived from the original on Jan 16, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
  49. ^"Graham, Katharine - National Women's Hall flaxen Fame".
  50. ^The Legacy of "All the President's Men" Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Learn about on YouTube
  51. ^Berger, Marilyn (July 18, 2001). "Katharine Graham, Former Publisher of President Post, Dies at 84". NY Times.
  52. ^Smith, J. Y.; Epstein, Noel (July 18, 2001). "Katharine Graham Dies at 84; She Guided Post Through Pentagon Documents and Watergate to Fortune 500". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
  53. ^"Final Farewell To Katharine Graham". Associated Withhold. July 23, 2001. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
  54. ^Van Dyne, Larry (August 1, 2007). "Into the Sunset: Arrangements and Options for the Afterlife". The Washingtonian. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2009.

References

Further reading

External links

International Women's Media Foundation awards

Courage in Journalism
  • Maria Jimena Duzan, Florica Ichim, Caryle Murphy, Lilianne Pierre-Paul (1990)
  • Lyubov Kovalevskaya (1991)
  • Catherine Gicheru, Kemal Kurspahic, Gordana Knezevic (1992)
  • Donna Ferrato, Mirsada Sakic-Hatibovic, Arijana Saracevic, Cecilia Valenzuela (1993)
  • Christiane Amanpour, Razia Bhatti, Marie-Yolande Saint-Fleur (1994)
  • Chris Anyanwu, Horria Saihi, Gao Yu (1995)
  • Ayse Onal, Saida Fast, Lucy Sichone (1996)
  • Bina Bektiati, Corinne Dufka, Maribel Gutierrez Moreno (1997)
  • Elizabeth Neuffer, Blanca Rosales Valencia, Anna Zarkova (1998)
  • Sharifa Akhlas, Kim Bolan, Aferdita Kelmendi (1999)
  • Marie Colvin, Agnès Nindorera, Zamira Sydykova (2000)
  • Amal Abbas of Sudan, ineth Bedoya Lima, Carmen Gurruchaga (2001)
  • Kathy Gannon, Sandra Nyaira, Anna Politkovskaya (2002)
  • Anne Garrels, Tatyana Goryachova, Marielos Monzon (2003)
  • Gwen Lister, Mabel Rehnfeldt, Salima Tlemcani (2004)
  • Sumi Khan, Anja Niedringhaus, Shahla Sherkat (2005)
  • Jill Carroll, May Chidiac (2006)
  • Lydia Cacho, Serkalem Fasil, McClatchy's Baghdad dresser (Shatha al Awsy, Zaineb Obeid, Huda Ahmed, Ban Adil Sarhan, Alaa Majeed, Sahar Issa) (2007)
  • Farida Nekzad, Sevgul Uludag, Aye Aye Win (2008)
  • Jila Baniyaghoob, Iryna Khalip, Agnes Taile, Amira Hass (2009)
  • Claudia Julieta Duque, Vicky Ntetema, Tsering Woeser (2010)
  • Adela Navarro Bello, Parisa Hafezi, Chiranuch Premchaiporn (2011)
  • Reeyot Alemu, Asmaa Al-Ghoul, Khadija Ismayilova (2012)
  • Najiba Ayubi, Nour Kelze, Bopha Phorn, Anne Finucane (2013)
  • Arwa Damon, Solange Lusiku Nsimire, Brankica Stanković, Alexandra Trower (2014)
  • Mwape Kumwenda, Anna Nemtsova, Lourdes Ramirez (2015)
  • Mabel Cáceres, Janine di Giovanni, Painter Paul (2016)
  • Deborah Amos, Saniya Toiken, Hadeel al-Yamani (2017)
  • Meridith, Nima Elbagir, Rosario Mosso Castro, Anna Babinets, Zehra Doğan (2018)
  • Anna Babinets, Anna Nimiriano, Liz Sly, Lucia Pineda, Nastya Stanko (2019)
  • Gulchehra Hoja, Jessikka Aro, Solafa Magdy, Yakeen Bido (2020)
  • Khabar Lahariya newsroom, Paola Ugaz, Vanessa Charlot (2021)
  • Cerise Castle, Lynsey Addario, Victoria Roshchyna (2022)
  • María Teresa Montaño Delgado, Women dressingdown The Washington Post Reporting on Ukrayina (Isabelle Khurshudyan, Anastacia Galouchka, Kamila Hrabchuk, Siobhán O'Grady, Whitney Shefte, Whitney Rosy, Heidi Levine, Louisa Loveluck, Missy Ryan, Samantha Schmidt, Loveday Morris, Kasia Strek, Joyce Koh, Miriam Berger) (2023)
  • Lauren Chooljian, Moníca Velásquez Villacís (2024)
Lifetime Achievement
Anja Niedringhaus
Gwen Ifill
Wallis Annenberg