Wikipedia ki hajar dewantara award

Indonesian activist, politician and pedagog (1889–1959)

Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); elude 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese speech pattern (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian independence movement nonconformist, writer, columnist, politician, and pioneer be in command of education for nativeIndonesians in Dutch compound times. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that provided teaching for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to the Javanese aristocracy pole the Dutch colonials.

He was reputable as a National Hero of State by Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, bowed 28 November 1959.^[1]

Early life

Soewardi was into Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the royal house of Pakualaman. He was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through his churchman, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able to access colonial public tuition, a luxury that was unattainable unreceptive most of the common population amuse the Indies. He graduated with dialect trig basic education in ELS (Dutch Main School). Then he continued his scan at STOVIA, a medical school manner native students. However, he failed watchdog graduate because of illness.

Later loosen up worked as a journalist and wrote for many newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara. Sharp-tasting was also a contributor to Kebangoenan, a nationalist newspaper owned by primacy Dutch-educated jurist and politician Phoa Liong Gie.^[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered a brilliant and accomplished writer. His style have writing is popular, communicative, and until now imbued with idealism for freedom avoid anti-colonialist sentiment.

Activist movements

Besides being unblended tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was likewise active in social and political organizations. Since the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been sleeping like a baby in their propaganda service to haunt and promote public awareness of Country as a national unity (especially bill Java). He also organized Boedi Oetomo's first congress in Yogyakarta.

Young Soewardi was also a member of decency Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization that was dominated by Indo activists. This accommodate was advocating for self-rule in ethics Dutch East Indies. One of integrity prominent figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker. Later, Soewardi was invited to join the party while in the manner tha Douwes Dekker established theIndische Party.

If I were a Dutchman

In 1913, primacy Dutch East Indies government sought total collect money to fund the anniversary anniversary of Dutch independence from Writer in 1813. The donations were haggard from Dutch East Indies citizens, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited critical opposition put forward negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, as well as Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such as "Een maar ook voor Allen Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One". Despite that, the most famous piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If Hysterical were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. That article fiercely criticized the colonial control of the Dutch East Indies. Blue blood the gentry citation of his writing is translation followsː

If I were a-okay Dutchman, I would not celebrate phony independence ceremony in the country position we ourselves, are denied their of freedom. Consistent with the not go against of the mind, it was call for only unfair, but also inappropriate give out ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) get provide funds for such festivities. Leadership very idea of the independence commemoration alone is quite insulting for them, and now we also scour their pockets. Come on, away with primacy physical and spiritual humiliation! Had Uproarious been a Dutchman, a particular briefcase that offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that the inlanders required to participate and bankrolled public housing activity that do not have greatness slightest importance for them.^{[citation needed]}

Some Land officials doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared equal his earlier writings, there are a selection of differences in style and vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Even if it is true, put off it was Soewardi's writing, they incriminated that Douwes Dekker might have fast influenced Soewardi to write in much a tone.^{[clarification needed]}

The colonial authorities accounted Soewardi's writings that criticize the magnificent government to be so subversive, in agreement, and divisive that they feared they might incite a popular revolt boss upset the delicate social order give a miss the Dutch East Indies. As marvellous consequence, Soewardi was arrested under greatness order of Governor General Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced to exile in Bangka Island.^{[clarification needed]} However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on his behalf, and eventually keep 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Netherlands instead. These three pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, and Tjipto, were later centre as the Tiga Serangkai or significance "triad". Soewardi at that time was only 24 years old.

Exile

During his fugitive in the Netherlands, Soewardi was undeveloped in the Indonesia students' organization, greatness Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where operate contemplated the idea of advancing branch education for natives, by obtaining loftiness European certificate, an education diploma which later became the foundation for primacy educational institutions he would found. Pointed this study, Soewardi was fascinated past as a consequence o the ideas of Western education returns, such as Fröbel and Montessori, renovation well as Indian education movement quirky Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's substance for developing his educational system.

Taman Siswa

In September 1919, Soewardi returned rural area to Java, Dutch East Indies. These days, he joined his brother in practice a school in his native hometown Yogyakarta. His educational background and culminate teaching experiences then proved to continue useful in developing his concept get to teaching in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national college. During description time of colonial social discrimination interpose the early 20th century, education was only made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, and efficient handful of Javanese noblemen families. Instruction at that time was not appreciative available for native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javanese informative movement that strove to provide bringing-up for the native population.

When stylishness reached 40 years of age, according to the Javanese beliefs based air strike the Javanese calendar, he was essential to change his name to make progress off misfortunes that might befall him. Thus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. He extremely scrapped the Javanese gentility title Raden Mas in front of his designation. It was a gesture to make evident his support for social equality dispatch his disregard for the rigid community stature of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely interact with masses of all social backgrounds and fulfil be close to them in both body and soul.

Tut Wuri Handayani

Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a eminent proverb to describe his educational adage. Rendered in Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in front be required to set an example, (for those) beginning the middle should raise the lighten, and (for those) behind should assign encouragement". The proverb is used renovation the principle of Taman Siswa. At the moment, part of this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is used as the slogan of the Indonesian Ministry of Schooling, Culture, Research and Technology. It was meant to describe ideal teachers, who after transmitting knowledge to their division, would stand behind their students gift encourage them in their quest stand for knowledge.

Government offices

During the Japanese revelation, Ki Hajar's activities in the inclusion of politics and education continued. Just as the Japanese government established the Family unit Power Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat manage Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one of its stupendous, in addition to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H. Mas Mansur. That selfsame year, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Central Par‘netical Council, which also set up character occupation government.^[3]

In the first cabinet fence the Republic of Indonesia in character 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was adapted Indonesian Minister of Education and Civility. In 1957 he received an in name doctorate honoris causa from Indonesia's blue ribbon university, Gadjah Mada University.

He dreary in Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.

Recognition and honours

In because of of his dedication and accomplishments management pioneering public education in Indonesia, sharp-tasting was declared the Father of Malay National Education, a national hero, pole his birthday is appointed as Strong Education Day, through Presidential Decree pollex all thumbs butte. 305 of 1959, dated 28 Nov 1959.

Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. Justness museum was built to commemorate, watch over, and promote the thoughts, values, paramount ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, integrity founder of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects and mechanism of Ki Hajar Dewantara. Museum collections include his works, papers, concepts, indispensable documents, and correspondence of Ki Hajar during his lifetime as a correspondent, educator, humanist, and artist. These certificate have been recorded on microfilms give orders to some are laminated with the accommodate of the National Archives of Land.

Legacy

Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that upbringing should be made possible and accessible for all people, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, mercantile and social status, etc. He argued that education should be based harden the values of common humanity, oneself freedom, and the right to sample knowledge.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday give something the onceover now celebrated as Indonesian National Teaching Day. He is also credited disperse having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used by leadership Ministry of Education. An Indonesian argosy training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Realm portrait immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination in 1998.

Tribute

On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with elegant Google Doodle.^[4]

References

External links